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01 to 02 March 2023 | By invitation only

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  1. Background

Leaving no one behind (LNOB) is the central, transformative promise of the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development and its Sustainable Development Goals. LNOB means moving beyond assessing average and aggregate progress, towards ensuring progress for all population groups at a disaggregated level.

To support governments and the United Nations system in the Asia-Pacific region, the United Nations Economic and Social Commission for Asia and the Pacific (ESCAP) has developed a user-friendly diagnostic tool called Leave No One Behind (LNOB) platform. The tool is used to improve the understanding of how various circumstances intersect and create inequalities in access to basic opportunities covered by the Sustainable Development Goals. Building on empirical methodologies such as Classification and Regress Trees (CART) and the Dissimilarity index (D-index), it uses data and statistics at national and subnational levels to identify groups left furthest behind and the circumstances they share.

In this technical R training, ESCAP will take participants through the inner workings of its LNOB platform, using the statistical R code that prepares, analyzes and produces evidence on 16 SDG indicators based on the Multiple Indicator Cluster Survey (MICS) from selected Pacific Islands including Kiribati, Fiji, Tuvalu and Tonga. In addition to replicating the results hosted on the LNOB platform, participants will also learn how to operationalize the LNOB methodology on indicators other than those currently available on the platform and to carry out LNOB analysis, using other nationally representative surveys such as Household Income Expenditure Surveys of Marshall Islands or Federated States of Micronesia and Labor Force Survey of Cook Islands, upon availability.

  1. Training Objectives

The primary objective of this statistical training was to strengthen national capacities in building the evidence base to developing policies that reduce inequality of opportunity and accelerate the implementation of the Sustainable Development Goals, by making sure that those left behind are also included.

At the end of the training, technical officials and specialists were able to map out inequalities in access to opportunities and prevalence of barriers and identify circumstances shared by those being left furthest behind and quantify the level of inequality of opportunity at national and sub-national levels through the D-Index.

  1. Target Audience

The statistical training drew participation from technical officials and specialists from the Pacific Community (SPC) as well as NSOs from Fiji, Kiribati, Papua New Guinea, Samoa, Tuvalu and Tonga. The target audience was expected to reach maximum 25 trainees. Given the complexity of the code and the short duration of the training, a basic level of understanding of and experience with statistical software programmes such as R and Stata would be needed to follow the instructions. We recommended that participants follow our guidelines for installing and preparing the R Studio environment prior to the training. It might be beneficial, but was not required, for participants to review basic R skills which could be found by a simple search on the internet.

  1. Organization and Participation

The statistical training was organized in hybrid format in Nadi, Fiji, on 1-2 March 2023. The meeting was conducted in English. The tentative programme of the training is available on the Event Programme tab. 

01 Mar 2023
09:00
09:15
Opening remarks
  • Ms. Andie Fong Toy, Head, ESCAP Subregional Office for the Pacific
  • Mr. Peter Ellis, Director, Statistics for Development Division, Pacific Community
  • Mr. Jale Rokoika, Data Management and Results Monitoring/Reporting Officer, UN RCO in Fiji, Solomon Islands, Tonga, Tuvalu, and Vanuatu
09:15
09:30
Self- introduction of experts
09:30
11:15
Session 1: Theory behind LNOB Methodology

This Session reviews the theoretical background of the LNOB methodology and provides a working understanding of the Classification and Regression Trees (CART) and D-index methodologies.

  • Theory I: CART: Presented by Sejal S Sood, ESCAP
  • Theory II: D-index: Presented by Selsah Pasali, ESCAP
  • Q&A
11:15
11:30
Coffee/tea break
11:30
12:30
Session 2: Setting up R Studio working environment

This session focuses on setting up R studio on each participants computer and become familiar with R and its different working environments. Participants will also be guided through basic R syntax which will prepare them for the LNOB code in the training.

12:30
13:00
Session 3: Getting Ready for the LNOB Analysis

This Session reviews the set-up for the LNOB code, organizes input files and gives background to using R for LNOB analysis.

13:00
14:00
Lunch
14:00
15:30
Session 4: Reproducing LNOB results at the national Level

This session begins by defining our independent (circumstances) and dependent (indicators) variables. Using MICS data, participants will create a focused data frame which includes data for the defined variables, with the intention of learning how to sort through and handle large amounts of data in R. Participants will also be guided to explore different ways to use R to produce simple results including access rates of different population groups. For this first indicator we will focus on access to basic sanitation (SDG 6.2.1) and access to clean fuels (SDG 7.1.2) based on MICS data from Fiji and Kiribati.

Once data are prepared, participants will run the CART algorithm and D-index calculations at the national level for the selected indicators and its defined circumstances. Results will be verified on the https://lnob.unescap.org/ platform.

15:30
15:45
Coffee/tea break
15:45
16:45
Session 4: Reproducing LNOB results and the use of additional factors

In continuation of our national results, this session explains how to add additional circumstances to the CART algorithm for the selected basic indicators. Depending on data availability, these circumstances can be severe disability, religion, ethnicity and language.

16:45
17:00
Closing of Day 1 by ESCAP
02 Mar 2023
09:00
10:30
Session 5: Complex LNOB Indicators

In this session participants will experience running the full analysis, including at national and regional levels and to use additional circumstances for a more complex indicator, completion of secondary education (SDG 4.1.1), based on MICS data from Tuvalu and Tonga. The composition of the circumstances will be discussed in more detail.

10:30
10:45
Coffee/tea break
10:45
12:15
Session 6: LNOB Barrier Indicators

The LNOB platform treats Opportunities and Barriers differently. This session focuses on exploring two barriers from the LNOB platform: any type of violence against women in the past 12 months (SDG 5.2.1) and prevalence of stunting (SDG 2.2.2) for Tonga, Kiribati and Fiji.

12:15
13:15
Lunch break
13:15
14:45
Session 7: New dataset and new indicator

The LNOB platform uses MICS and DHS as its primary data source, given its comparability across Asia and the Pacific. However, the LNOB methodology can be applied to any nationally representative dataset. This session will first focus on a new SDG indicator from MICS, namely child marriage (SDG 5.3) from Tonga. It will then focus on decent employment related indicators from the Labour Force Survey of Cook Islands as well as other selected indicators from Household Income and Expenditure Surveys of Kiribati, Federated States of Micronesia and Marshall Islands.

14:45
15:00
Coffee/tea break
15:00
15:30
Session 8: Next steps, when to use the LNOB analysis

Voluntary National Reviews, Common Country Assessments and national studies are just a few examples of how the LNOB methodology can be integral part of the analysis. This session will discuss different ways the methodology has been used and can be used in the future.

15:30
16:30
Session 9: Q&A, Discussion and Feedback

Before closing the training, participants will have a chance to ask questions on the methodology, the code, or general questions about LNOB work. This session will also give a chance for participants to provide feedback or ask for any additional inputs from the ESCAP team.

16:30
17:00
Closing Remarks by ESCAP

for more information, please contact

Social Development Division +66 2288 1234 [email protected]
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