| Section
I: Country Information
The status of computer network in Indonesia
in June 1995 can be summarised as follows (http://www.ee.itb.ac.id/~yc1dav/indo-net.asc
contains more complete and current):
- A total of 108 major nodes
is in operation all over Indonesia
- Most of the nodes 87 nodes
(80.5%) have access to leased-line, dial-up,
or satellite inter-city / regional links to
reach various InterNet gateways. Although,
some of these nodes rely on packet radio network
within the city.
- The rest specially in
the Eastern Indonesia and various remote areas
(21 nodes - 19.5%) rely exclusively on radio
network to reach the InterNet gateways.
- The estimated total user
is 10639 users with 29.5% are at universities,
5.8% in research institutions, 1.0% NGO, 20.9%
in government institutes, and 42.8% commercial/industries.
Approximately 71.7% of total users accessible
in Jakarta; 25.7% users live in Bandung (15.0%
are users of ITB).
- Major applications are
4 major electronic mailing lists, 14 major
newsgroups, 4 major WWW & Gopher servers.
- Estimated growth rate
is 700% per year.
As of June 1995, the user composition can
be shown as follows:
Figure 1. Estimated
Indonesian Internet User Composition (June 1995)
It is interesting that in the last 12 months;
there is a shift in the user composition from
mostly educational institution (60% of the users)
to mostly commercial users (42%) in June 1995.
It shows that commercial market immediately
recognises Internet as one of the promising
future market.
Figure 2. Network Connectivity
in Indonesia (June 1995)
There are currently five (6) major gateways
to Internet from Indonesia, namely,
- IPTEK-NET A non-profit
Internet Service Provider for Government,
Education & Research institutions. Running
at 64Kbps to Internet. The rest is commercial
InterNet provider.
- IndoInternet -
running at 64Kbps.
- RADNet - running
at 128Kbps. They are planning to increase
the speed to 512Kbps in 1996.
- Sistelindo - running
at 64Kbps.
- IdOLA-Net - running
at 64Kbps.
- Wasantara-Net -
connected to IndoInternet and IdOLA-Net reach
Internet (launched for operation on 27 September
1995).
There are currently 6-7 other Internet providers
in Indonesia waiting for license from the government.
Several efforts have been made to co-ordinate
the Internet Service Providers (ISPs) in Indonesia,
one plan who gives significant impact to the
Indonesian Internet community is the plan to
develop a single high-speed (more likely T1)
Internet entry point in Indonesia via the Indonesia
international carrier PT. Indosat (http://www.indosat.go.id/).
The Top Level Domain (TLD) for Indonesia (ID)
is currently co-ordinated by the University
of Indonesia (UI) in Jakarta, at http://www.adfa.oz.au/indonesian/faq.tld-id.html
Rahmat M. Samik-Ibrahim (PIC=RMS46)
University of Indonesia, Computer Science Center
Jl. Salemba Raya 4, POBOX 3442 - Jakarta 10002
Attn.: Network Manager
Voice: +62-21-310-6014 (Indonesian Language)
Fax: +62-21-310-2774
E-mail: postmaster@ui.ac.id
Most of the networks in Indonesia is unfortunately
overloaded, unless (off course) when the leased
line is not in operation. Typical traffic at
the Institute of Technology Bandung (ITB), one
of the major institute of technology in the
country, is shown in the Figure below. The Inbound
traffic from the Internet is normally higher
than Outbound traffic from ITB as well as from
Indonesia. To improve our Outbound traffic,
efforts are underway in building various Web
servers in Indonesia.
a)
Typical weekly
traffic between ITB, one of the main Institute
of Technology, and Internet (max. 8000byte/second)
Section II: Government
Computerization Status
A significant effort in the Indonesian government
computerization can be found in the science
and technology community. The monumental effort
lead by the Science and Technology Networking
Initiative known as IPTEK-NET (http://www.iptek.net.id/)
under a heavy support from the Indonesian National
Research Council (http://www.drn.go.id/).
It will be shown in the report that most of
the Indonesian government networking initiative
will be integrated into the IPTEK-NET initiative.
For computer technology, most of the computer
used are PC-based, normally, 386 & 486 class.
However, for some of the computing intensive
applications, we use a more powerful computing
equipment, ranging from Minicomputers, such
as, Sun / HP Workstations up to Mainframes.
However, the trend goes towards the use of Mini
/ Super Minicomputers.
Status by Ministry/Department
Ministry of Science and
Technology
Under the co-ordination of Ministry of Science
and Technology (http://www.inn.bppt.go.id/),
there are several government networking initiatives.
Some of the major networking initiative under
this ministry are:
- The Indonesian National
Research Council (DRN)
As part of the NRC effort to support their
top-down and highly competitive research
programs, the NRC has been supporting the
Science & Technology Network (IPTEK-NET)
as the major infra-structure for disseminate
research results & encourage collaboration
among Indonesian researchers. This network
contains Government Research Institutions,
State Universities and other research and
development institutions. Contact person
of IPTEK-NET is listed in Appendix II.
IPTEKnet provides several services such
as:
- Scientific research
and development activities in Indonesia.
- World-wide international
access through the Internet.
- Library access.
- Primary Name Server
for *.go.id.
To performed its functions, several Web servers
have been installed, namely,
http://www.iptek.net.id/
The IPTEK-NET Web Server.
http://www.drn.go.id/
The National Research Council Server.
Most of the research institutes, universities
& government institutions are currently connected
to IPTEK-NET to reach Internet. The connection
to IPTEK-NET should be provided by each institutions
and some of the major regional nodes are currently
supported by IPTEK-NET. To perform its task,
IPTEK-NET is equipped with several Sun workstations,
routers and UNIX PCs.
- National Aerospace
Agency (LAPAN).
The Indonesian National Aerospace Agency
(also known as LAPAN), is one of the pioneer
in trying to acquire the networking technology
specially in satellite & packet radio networking
technology. To perform the experiment, LAPAN
has been collaborating with the German National
Aerospace Agency (DLR). LAPAN has been actively
engaged in building the satellite and packet
radio network in Indonesia since mid. '80.
Their network is known as JASIPAKTA and
connected to Internet. More recently in
the last 3-4 years, more institutions are
joining the packet radio network and become
one of the largest packet radio network
ever implemented in Indonesia as shown in
the network connectivity figure. In spite
of the low speed and thruput of the packet
radio network, it has been tremendous in
helping establish an information society
in Indonesia as the overall cost of packet
radio network can be pushed down into much
lower than the ordinary telephone infrastructure.
Having the information society put together,
it would be easier to implement a more advanced
Internet technology into the society as
the demand is justified for more funding
& equipment. Contact person of LAPAN JASIPAKTA
is listed in Appendix II. The Internet access
of JASIPAKTA is via 9600bps radio network
to IPTEK-NET.
- Indonesian Science
Institute (LIPI)
The Indonesian Science Institute (LIPI)
is the largest government own research and
development agency. Effort to use computer
network as a tool to disseminate various
research results within the Indonesian Science
Institutes are currently underway. LIPI
in Bandung is one of the most active group
in building the computer network within
LIPI. They have managed to install & run
several Web servers connected to Internet.
Some of their major Web servers are:
http://www.lipi.go.id/
Main LIPI Home Page.
http://www.inkom.lipi.go.id/
Home Page of Control & Computer Networking
Group within LIPI.
The Internet access of LIPI-Net is via
IPTEK-NET.
- Network of Government
Owned Strategic Industries.
In Indonesia, there are several government
owned strategic industries to produce strategic
goods, such as,
- PT BARATA INDONESIA,
the center of excellence in foundry and
heavy machinery industry
- PT BOMA BISMA INDRA,
the center of excellence in diesel industry
and industrial equipment.
- PT DAHANA, the center
of excellence in explosive industry.
- PT INKA (Industri
Kereta Api), the center of excellence
in rolling stock industry.
- PT INTI, Indonesia's
telephone digitalization pioneer, the
center of excellence in telecommunication
industry.
- PT IPTN, (Industri
Pesawat Terbang Nusantara), Indonesia's
sole manufacturers of aircrafts, the center
of excellence in aircraft industry.
- PT KRAKATAU STEEL,
Indonesia's first integrated steel industry,
and the center of excellence in iron &
steel industry.
- PT LEN INDUSTRI,
the center of excellence in professional
electronics and component industry.
- PT PAL INDONESIA,
the center of excellence in maritime industry.
- PT PINDAD, the center
of excellence in weapon and munitions
industry.
A brief description of these strategic industries
can be found at http://www.inn.bppt.go.id/government/bpis/bpis.html
To improve the competitiveness of these Industries,
there is a plan to integrate these industries.
The integration of these Industries will be
under the coordination of IPTEK-NET. To integrate
these industries, one should keep in mind that
the location of these industries is quite spread
out and requires a long distance leased line.
Besides the communication problem, there is
a desperate need to educate the needed human
resources in computer networking as most of
the Electronics Data Processing persons have
very little experience in computer networking.
Ministry of Industry
Ministry of Industry has been developing for
several years the Center Data and Information
Services. In the past, the center can only be
accessed via the Indonesia Public Switching
Network (X.25) with UUCP access via University
of Indonesia for international traffic. However,
more recently (in the last 5-6 months) the system
at ministry of Industry is connected via leased
line to IPTEK-NET. Web services are also provided
by the Center at the address of: http://idndprin.dprin.go.id/
Information provided by the ministry of industry
via their Web includes:
- PUSDATA OnLine Services
(24hour BBS)
- Export-Import Industry,
Industry Capacity, Tax Tariff, Industry Directory
etc.
- Information for potential
investors in Indonesia.
- Company profile of various
industries in Indonesia.
- Export & Import status
of industries in Indonesia.
- Vendor, Standard, Trade
Statistics, OKI, G15, APEC, ASEAN, UNCTAD,
and other foreign relation information (on
CD-ROM etc).
- Industry Technology,
Environment, Industrial R&D Centers
- The Policies & Profile
in Metal, Machinery & Electronics Industries.
- Industrial Policies &
Profile.
Several group of Government own industries
are currently looking at the possibilities to
build their computer networking. These groups
of companies are:
- The Oil companies, specially
to co-ordinate among Oil companies. To name
a few, these companies are Pertamina, Arco,
Elnusa, Caltex.
- The Government Own Fertiliser
Companies, specially to keep up with the demand.
To name a few, these companies are PT. Pupuk
Sriwidjaja, PT. Pupuk Kujang, PT. Pupuk Kalimantan
Timur.
Ministry of Education
& Culture
The need of InterNet access is apparent at
the ministry office as well as at various universities
in Indonesia. However, the networking activity
at the Ministry office is very limited as compared
to various universities in Indonesia. At the
ministry office, we have currently a router
with PC-based LAN at the office connected to:
- IPTEK-NET via dialup link.
- Satellite network AX.25
to eleven eastern Indonesia universities.
At university level, the development of computer
network is more apparent. The contribution of
Internet users in Indonesia from educational
institutions is close to 30%. A number of the
major Home Pages of various Indonesian Universities
can be found in the Appendix I. Internet technology
is readily adopted by these universities & some
of the Universities are already connected to
Internet via IPTEK-NET. Collaboration with various
local telecommunication operators / industries
are in progress to subsidy the leased line /
long distance communication links in building
the national computer networking backbone.
At the ministry level, the effort in building
computer network among Indonesian universities
is traditionally coupled with the effort in
integrating various libraries at the universities.
To do the task, there is several initiatives
including the setup of:
- National Library Task
Force.
- Working Group For Implementation
of Library Development (UKKP).
- USAID Sponsored Higher
Education Development Support (HEDS) in Library
Policy Study.
Ministry of Environment
Within the ministry of environment a collaboration
with United Nation Development Program (UNDP)
has created the Sustainable Development Networking
Program (SDNP). It is intended to network four
components, namely,
- Government institutions.
- Educational institutions.
- Commercial institutions.
- Non Government Organizations
(NGO).
Several activities have been starting in 1994,
to collect various data & information related
to environment and sustainable development.
The results is currently disseminated through
their Web server at: http://www.sdn.or.id
Information specific to the Ministry of Environment
is distributed through SDN at URL http://www.sdn.or.id/menlh/
Different from other government institutions,
SDN and the Ministry of Environment reaches
InterNet through IndoInternet one of the Indonesian
commercial provider. The contact person for
SDN is listed in the Appendix II.
Ministry of Forestry
Computer networking in the ministry
of forestry is in its early stage. The main
objectives of their (would be) information system
are:
- To support the establishment
of Geographic Information System (GIS) within
the ministry to be used in decision making
& policy planning.
- Control & monitoring various
aspects of forestry production.
The current communication & data infra-structure
is quite large consists of:
- Leased channel via PT.
Telkom Indonesia from the main office of ministry
of forestry to the 27 provinces. Below the
provincial offices, a large radio networking
facilities is already installed & operation.
- Computing facilitates
mainly PC-based. However, at the ministry
office several larger computing facilities
are installed. GIS software is installed on
their Minicomputers.
- In short, both telecommunication
infrastructure as well as computing infrastructure
is readily adequate to setup a large computer
networking within the Ministry of Forestry.
One which lacking is the required personnel's
to plan and run the network.
Ministry of Agriculture
At the office of the ministry of agriculture,
a prototype of their management information
system has been developed. Although the spirit
is there, computer networking effort is still
premature. Major effort is in computer networking
is currently being pursue, especially for:
- Computer network for various
plantation sites, the need for computer networking
is apparent in plantation sites for control
and monitoring of plantation production.
- Radio network as well
as PC-based computers has been installed in
most of the plantation sites. Thus, computer
networking among plantation sites can be done
by using the existing facilities.
- Some HP 9000 UNIX workstations
are also readily installed. These computers
are used for computing intensive applications.
These efforts lead by the Institute of Estate
Education and Training, with contact:
Ir. M.S. Fathoni
Institute of Estate Education and Training
Jl. Jend. Oerip Soemohardjo No. 100
Yogyakarta 55002, Indonesia
Tel: 62-274 586201, 586202, 53849
FAX: 62-274 3849
E-mail: fathoni@lpp.ac.id
(in progress via SSB to ITB, Bandung)
Department of Finance
& Taxation
The last known department in Indonesia working
seriously on building their computer networking
capacity is the department of finance and taxation.
The objective of their information system is
to increase the government income from tax by
improvement of their information system. Currently,
the taxation offices are more than 100 offices
all over Indonesia and requires a serious treatment
in integrating their computers into the network.
The effort is currently lead by
Djoko Trisula
Bidang Sistem Aplikasi dan Program
Gedung Pusat Komputer Pajak Lt. II
Jl. Jend. Gatot Subroto No. 40-42, Jakarta 12190
Tel: 021 5250208, 5251609 x 410-412
FAX: 021 5207204
Their computing power is quite impressive
ranging from PC-based LAN, PC-based UNIX systems
as well as various UNIX workstations. However,
in terms of networking, a more serious design
on their topology, addressing is still to be
addressed.
Other finance industries (including government
own finance industries) which are looking at
computer networking as a strategic tools for
their operation are:
- The Indonesian Government
Security Printing & Minting Corporation.
- The Government Banking
Systems.
Efforts in other Government
Ministries
Information & computer network is an
important issue in many Indonesian government
ministries and offices. Many plans have been
launched to perform the establishment of computer
network within these ministries and not limited
to the above ministries, to name some of the
examples are Ministry of Health, Ministry
of Mining, Ministry of Trade. Computing
equipments are already adequately provided within
most of Indonesian ministries and government
offices. Unfortunately, most of these ministries
are lacking human resources capable to operate
and do the engineering tasks in building and
running information & computer network. It is
a typical problem in Indonesia not only for
many government institutions but also other
commercial / industrial / educational institutions.
Effort to increase the number of qualified personnel
in computer networking would be strategic in
supporting the rapid development in computer
networking in Indonesia.
Local Information
Technology Industry
Local computer (hardware & software) vendors
are quite abundant in Indonesia - some of the
computing equipments are even made and assembled
in their own factory in Indonesia. In addition
to local companies, there are many Brand computer
distributors, such as, IBM, HP, DEC, Acer, Novell,
SCO UNIX. In terms of price is quite competitive
with the one we normally find in our neighboring
countries, such as, Singapore. Thus, in terms
of hardware & software, the resources in Indonesia
is quite abundant.
Unfortunately, when it goes to a professional
consulting firm in Information Technology &
computer networking, there are not many of such
firms around. Some of the leading consulting
firm in Information System & Networking is:
- Anderson Consulting
- IBM
- Hewlett Packard
When it goes into a specific Internet & TCP/IP
computer networking, not that many people around
in Indonesia. Most of the real TCP/IP-ers in
Indonesia are knowing quite close one another
and mostly at research & educational institutions
- the number of TCP/IP experts in commercial
/ business world are less than the one in research
& educational institutions. Lacking the required
human resources in computer networking in commercial
world has an effect in a slight slowing down
on the development of computer networking in
Indonesia. Major electronic mailing lists for
those Indonesian TCP/IP-ers are located at:
sysop-l@itb.ac.id
pau-mikro@ee.umanitoba.ca
Telecommunication Infrastructure
and Services
The Indonesian telecommunication infra-structure
is basically can be divided into two main categories,
namely:
- Ground / Terrestrial Segment.
- Satellite / Space Segment.
In both categories, we can always find professional
providers as well as a more community based
providers. Community based self supporting provider
is probably the term for the packet radio network
used to support the development of computer
network among Indonesian universities which
currently use mainly the terrestrial / ground
segment. Professional providers in the ground
/ terrestrial segment is currently mainly performed
by:
- PT. Telekomunikasi Indonesia
(http://www.telkom.go.id), the government
owned telecommunication operator as the main
holding company of many smaller / regional
telecommunication operators in Indonesia.
- T. Aplikanusa Lintas Arta
(http://www.idola.net.id), one of major Indonesian
telecommunication company providing major
service for non-basic service such as:
- Public Switch Network
X.25 for 11 major cities in Indonesia
- Leased lines.
- Data Over Voice
leased lines.
- VSAT Network.
- More recently, they
provide Internet access under IDOLA-NET.
- In addition to the basic
telecommunication companies, a significant
increase in Mobile Communication, such as,
GSM & AMPS, lead to the establishment of many
operator companies in mobile communication.
To name a few, these companies are PT. Telkomsel,
PT. Komselindo, PT. Pasific Satellite Nusantara.
More advanced telecommunication infrastructure,
such as, B-ISDN, has been launched by PT. Telekomunikasi
Indonesia & PT. Indosat. More advanced telecommunication
technologies, such as, DQDB & ATM, are currently
under test.
In Space segment, the situation is more interesting,
there are currently several major suppliers
of equipment as well as operators of telecommunication
system using space segment. These companies
are:
- PT. Elektrindo Nusantara,
specially using TDMA VSAT, DAMA & SCPC.
- PT. Citra Sari Makmur
(CSM), specially using TDMA VSAT.
- PT. Aplikanusa Lintas
Arta, specially using TDMA VSAT.
- PT. Compact Microwave
Indonesia (CMI), specially using SCPC.
Space segment is more interesting for small
as well as large private data networks which
do not wish to rely heavily to the existing
terrestrial network specially in the eastern
Indonesia & the area where terrestrial network
is over-crowded.
In terms of major national computer network
backbone, there are currently several efforts
to build such backbone. Some of the significant
efforts are:
- INFO-NAS, by PT. Telekomunikasi
Indonesia.
- Public Switch Network
(PSN) X.25 based by PT. Aplikanusa Lintas
Arta.
- VSAT based by PT. Pos
Indonesia.
Thus, in short, telecommunication infra-structure
in Indonesia is basically available. However,
one should consider & comparing carefully the
cost among various services to get the most
of the existing telecommunication infrastructure.
IT Manpower Supply and
Demand
Computer technology is not an alien to many
Indonesian, many colleges are concentrating
their programs in computer technology. An association
of more than 100 of these computer colleges
has also been established. At university level,
computer science department and computer engineering
department is also available. Most of these
departments teaches the standard curriculum
in computer hardware and software technologies.
Unfortunately, Internet & computer networking
technologies are relatively new in Indonesia.
Specially in practical aspects of Internet technology,
there are not many higher educational institutions
capable to correctly teach on how to setup a
TCP/IP based Local Area Network (LAN) as well
as TCP/IP based Wide Area Network (WAN). There
are only two major Indonesian Universities,
i.e.,
Institute of Technology
in Bandung (ITB) (http://www.itb.ac.id/)
University of Indonesia
(UI) (http://www.ui.ac.id/),
have the capacity to teach correctly the Internet
technology. To circumvent the problem, training
programs for trainers would be crucial and most
strategic & useful to support the rapid development
of computer networking in Indonesia.
Internet Services Availability
In addition to the service provided by IPTEK-NET
for government institutions, the Internet service
in Indonesia is also provided by several commercial
Internet Service Provider (ISP), namely,
- IPTEK-NET, the Indonesian
Science and Technology Networking Initiative,
with 64Kbps access via SprintNet
- IndoInternet, the first
Indonesian commercial Internet Service Provider
running at speed of 64Kbps to SprintNet.
- RADNet, running at 128Kbps
to SprintNet.
- Sistelindo is a joint company
of IBM, Indosat (the Indonesian International
Carrier) and PT. Telkom (the Indonesian Telecommunication
Company). It runs over the IBM VNET Network
and has two major 64Kbps links, namely, to
Japan and Australia.
- Lintas Arta (IDOLA) is
a subsidiary of Indosat. It runs at 64Kbps
to AlterNet (UUNET).
- Wasantara-Net is the newest
Internet Service Provider owned by PT. Pos
Indonesia, it is currently connected to IndoInternet
for Internet Access.
The services provided by these ISPs are typical
Internet services, such as,
- Electronics Mail.
- File Transfer Protocol.
- Access to Web.
- News access.It is our intention
in Indonesia to be able to link most of Web
pages to one another. Thus, in every Web page
- we hope to be able to add pointers to all
other Web pages in Indonesia. This way all
Internet users should be able to connect various
Indonesian Web pages easily. A glimpse of
various Indonesian Web Pages is shown in Appendix
I.
Section III : Recommended
Government Computerization Approach
Appropriate IT Infrastructure
As mentioned earlier, the Information Technology
(IT) infrastructure in Indonesia is adequate.
Unfortunately, the distances in Indonesia is
quite far and will cost a significant amount
of funding to run a computer network covering
a large area such as in Indonesia. Fortunately,
low cost alternatives are available using packet
radio technology and readily being used to build
the networking specially among educational institutions.
The performance of low speed (1200bps) packet
radio network is very limited. However, the
use of low cost technologies to build the network
is important to build the required human resources
needed to justify (specially the funding) for
more advance computer networking initiatives.
For high performance computer networking,
more professional telecommunication infrastructure
is needed. Simple strategies can be implemented
to reduce the required cost in building a government
WAN in Indonesia, namely,
- Participation of private
and government owned telecommunication service
industries would be crucial to support the
establishment of government computer networking.
This approach is currently being established
within INFO-NET initiative by PT. Telekomunikasi
Indonesia.
- Share the existing communication
infrastructure within most regional government
offices with others to reduce the cost. This
approach is more appropriate and very distributed
in nature. Unfortunately, it requires a significant
human networking to be able to setup such
network - an example of such approach exists
and known as Paguyuban Network, the earliest
packet radio network in Indonesia. To bring
down the bureaucracy among institutions, an
informal approach should be used in the early
networking stage of such network.
Application Development
Methodology and Approaches
There are several methodologies and approaches
in building the computer networking in Indonesia.
To name a few of the approaches are:
- Community-based Bottom
Up Development, it is the most effective approach
to be able to sustain the rapid development
of computer network in Indonesia. This approach
requires a significant effort in educating
the information community. In the long run,
such approach guarantees a sustainable computer
network development.
- Self-support and self-financing
approach is used in most of the community-based
development approach. This in turn is releasing
the community from financial dependence in
building the network and very effective to
support the rapid development of the network
as the funding can be obtained without the
typically long and costly procurement procedures.
- Top down approach is related
to funding and required to improve the computer
network quality and performance. However,
a top-down approach requires a long process
and justification for providing the required
funding. To support such process, the result
of community-based bottom-up would be very
useful.
The development and operation of the computer
network is very distributed in nature. An example
of the approach to be used in the ministry of
education to build the network among Indonesian
university shows it. At the ministry level,
it is suggested to setup a computer networking
committee to interface the development activities
among universities with various networking initiatives
in Indonesia. It is shown in the figure below.
The Networking Committee within the Directorate
General for Higher Education (DHGE) at the Ministry
of Education should interact with other networking
initiative to provide the communication medium
for the establishment of the Wide Area Network
(WAN).
Within each university, they should setup
a computer networking development team to support
the development of computer network within the
university. The team should be assisted by an
engineering / technology committee both within
the university as well as from the national
level. The effort is shown in the Figure below.
It is shown that the suggested effort within
the Ministry of Education is distributed in
nature. We do hope such approach can also be
implemented for other ministries and government
offices.
IT Human Resources Training
Strategies
The availability of qualified personnel is
important in enabling the rapid expansion of
the network. Unfortunately, the expansion of
the network is too rapid & difficult to keep
up with the demand in qualified personnel. The
main objective of the strategies in building
the qualified personnel is:
To provide a qualified human resources in
computer networking on their own will.
The term "on their own will" is the
key to sustain the rapid development of the
network in Indonesia, it is to say that the
person who setup & run the network should do
the task because they like to do it - not just
due to the assignment from their superior. Our
experience shows that it will take longer (approximately
one year from the first exposure to the technology
into the realization of the network) to be able
to setup & develop the network by motivating
the community. However, in the long run, this
approach guarantees a sustainability in the
operation & further network development.
We understand that the development of Internet
in Indonesia is not just installing the network
infrastructure, rather,
Transforming the used to be conventional society
into an information society.
These rapid changes currently lead to culture
shocks in many areas. To meet such objective
as well as to reduce the culture shocks, we
encourage a community based bottom-up development
approach that relies heavily on the education
of the society. Several conservative strategies
have been engaged for the last two years, namely,
- The first step in building
the network is to prepare the information
society within the institutions. To perform
such task, there is no need to do a large
investment in computing equipment. In fact,
a simple PC-based LAN with radio network can
be used to do the task at low cost. It normally
takes approximately one year from the first
exposure of the technology into the implementation
of the computer network.
- The mass media have been
very keen in supporting the development of
Internet in Indonesia. They have been monumental
in rapidly disseminating the required information
- thus, excite the rapid development of Internet
in Indonesia.
- Various public domain
networking software including its manual have
been distributed in Indonesia for free. The
distribution of the software and its manual
has enabled a rapid dissemination of computer
networking knowledge.
- In addition to relying
to the mass media in disseminating information,
a number of seminars on various aspect of
Internet have been organized all over Indonesia.
The number of seminars on Internet in Indonesia
is quite high about 3-4 seminars every months.
It gives us (the network activists) a heavy
burden in keeping up with the demand on information
on Internet.
- To meet the demand on
a more advanced Internet technology practical
skill, several Internet technological workshops
have been organized. The number of such workshop
is relatively low in the range of one workshop
per months. Training for trainers programs
should be encouraged to meet the demand on
qualified personnel in computer networking.
- Having the information
society established, the institution can always
upgrade the computing & networking power into
a more advanced equipment. The establishment
of information society will be used to justify
the funding for a more advanced equipment
by the decision makers.
One of the key factor in the success of the
establishment of information society within
an institution is the availability of engineering
support team for answering any technical questions
arises. IPTEK-NET has set-up an Internet Engineering
Task Force to do the supporting task. One of
the task force member is our Computer Network
Research Group ITB.
Acknowledgment
The author would like to thank many of his
colleagues to enable the research of the Indonesian
Government Networking Status. Special thanks
goes to:
/ - United Nation ESCAP for
providing the funding for the study.
- All member of sysop-l@itb.ac.id
who has been providing the most information
& spending many sleepless nights to keep the
Indonesian network alive.
- All hackers, operators
and users at ITB-Net who have been monumental
in keeping the network at ITB up and running.
- Staff at IPTEK-NET (Mawan,
Toto, Anto & Sahry) & INFO-RIS PT. Telkom
(Rizkan & Asep) who has been helpful in providing
the author Internet access.
- Member Library Policy
Study Team of USAID Higher Education Development
Support (HEDS), specially, Dr. Paul C. Parker
& Dr. Richard Madaus who has been inspiring
the author in viewing the information technology
from other perspective.
- Prof. Dr. Harsono Taroepratjeka,
the Director for Academic Facilities at the
Ministry of Education and Culture.
- The member of the National
Library Task Force.
Appendix I
List of Various Indonesian
Web Pages
a. Academic Web Pages
b. Government Web Pages
c. Commercial & Business
Web Pages
Appendix II
List of Addesses & Contact
of Major Indonesian Government Networking Initiatives
R. Santoso
Sahry Ramadhan
M. Samawi
Samadikun
Anto
BPP Teknologi Building, 15th floor
Jl. M.H.Thamrin 8, Jakarta, Indonesia
Tel: +62-21-316-8623, Fax: +62-21-314-9058
http://www.iptek.net.id/
Moch.
Ihsan
Division of Space Communication Transmission
Technology
Indonesian National Institute Of Aeronatics
And Space
LAPAN Bogor - Barat Rancabungur - Indonesia
PO BOX. 13 Semplak - Bogor 16310
Tel: +62-251 621-667 FAX: +62-251 623-010
Onno
W. Purbo
Computer Network Research Group
Institute of Technology Bandung, Bandung 40132,
Indonesia
FAX: 62-22 214-417, 62-22 250-8763
http://www.itb.ac.id/
Rizkan
Chandra
Center of Information Technology Planning
and Development
PUSRENBANGTI, PT. Telekomunikasi Indonesia
Jl. Gegerkalong Hilir No. 47, Bandung 40152,
Indonesia
Tel: 62-22 212-262, 214-551 x 49, 50. FAX: 62-22
214-669, 213-505
http://www.telkom.go.id/
I Gusti Putu Suryawirawan
C enter for Data & Information Services (PUSDATA)
M inistery of Industry, Jl. Gatot Subroto Kab.
52-53, Jakarta Selatan, Indonesia
FAX: +62-21 526-1086
http://www.dprin.go.id/
M.Sapta Zulfikar
O ffice of Ministery of Environment
S ustainable Development Network
J l. Merdeka Barat 15, Jakarta 10110, Jakarta
T el: +62-21 385-9125, 384-4225, 384-4116, 344-1619,
344-1359
F AX: +62-21 385-7578, 750-8739
http://www.sdn.or.id/
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