Preface	iii
PART ONE NON-TARIFF MEASURES WITH POTENTIALLY RESTRICTIVE MARKET ACCESS IMPLICATIONS EMERGING IN A POST-UTUGUAY ROUND CONTEXT
I.  II.  III.  IV.  V.	NON-TARIFF MEASURES AFFECTING EXPORTS FROM ESCAP COUNTRIES A. Introduction B. Approach IDENTIFICATION AND MEASUREMENT OF NON-TARIFF MEASURES A. Choosing and classifying non-tafiff measures B. Economic effects of non-tafiff measures C. Methods of quantifying non-tariff measures D. Problems in measuring non-tafiff barriers E. WTO developments NON-TARIFF MEASURES AFFECTING EXPORTS A. Introduction B. Regional trade patterns C. Major non-tariff barriers identified in country studies D. Main non-tariff measures affecting ESCAP exports E. Possible changes in the mix of non-tariff measures CONCLUSION A. Effects of non-tariff measures on ESCAP trade B. Keeping foreign non-tariff measures in proper perspective C. Next steps NON-TARIFF MEASURES IN ASEAN A. Introduction B. Identification of non-tariff measures in ASEAN C. ASEAN action on elimination of non-tariff measures D. Conclusions	3 3 4 6 7 13 14 16 17 23 23 23 24 30 40 46 47 49 50 53 53 53 55 57
PART TWO NON-TARIFF MEASURES AFFECTING BANGLADESH CHINA, INDIA, THE PACIFIC ISLAND COUNTRIES, SINGAPORE AND SRI LANKA
VI.  VII.  VIII.  IX.  X.  XI.	NON-TARIFF MEASURES AFFECTING EXPORTS FROM BANGLADESH A. Introduction B. Non-tariff measures faced by exports from Bangladesh C. Case studies on the application of non-tariff measures by major trading partners D. Conclusions NON-TARIFF MEASURES AFFECTING EXPORTS FROM CHINA A. Introduction B. Non-tariff measures faced by exports from China C. Case studies on the application of non-tariff measures by major trading partners D. Conclusions NON-TARIFF MEASURES AFFECTING EXPORTS FROM INDIA A. Introduction B. Non-tariff measures faced by exports from India C. Effect of NTMs on Indian exports in its major markets D. Conclusions NON-TARIFF MEASURES FACING EXPORTS FROM THE PACIFIC ISLAND COUNTRIES A. Introduction B. Preferential trading arrangements and export competitiveness C. Non-tariff measures faced by exports from Pacific island countries D. Conclusions NON-TARIFF MEASURES AFFECTING EXPORTS FROM SINGAPORE A. Introduction B. Non-tariff measures faced by exports from Singapore C. Non-tariff measures in APEC D. Conclusions NON-TARIFF MEASURES AFFECTING EXPORTS FROM SRI LANKA A. Introduction B. Non-tariff measures faced by exports from Sri Lanka C. Export competitiveness and labour standards D. Conclusions	61 61 63 66 76 78 78 80 89 103 105 105 106 119 127 131 131 133 140 158 162 162 164 173 177 184 184 187 199 201
ANNEX I:    MAJOR CATEGORIES OF NON-TARIFF BARRIERS ANNEX II.  UNCTAD'S CLASSIFICATION OF NON-TARIFF MEASURES ANNEX III. SYNTHESIS OF NON-TARIFF MEASURES AFFECTING ESCAP EXPORTS FROM CASE STUDY COUNTRIES REFERENCES		202 206 211 229