Preface

Glossary

I.

THE REGULATION OF INFRASTRUCTURE FACILITIES AND SERVICES:  THE PRINCIPLES

A.

Introduction

B.

What is regulation?

C.

Why regulate the infrastructure industries?

D.

Regulatory strategies for infrastructure

E.

Who regulates?

F.

Principles of good regulation

G.

Cost-benefit analysis

H.

Enforcing regulation

I.

Setting standards

J.

Self-regulation

K.

Regulatory risks

L.

Regulatory competition and coordination

M.

Summary

II.

INFRASTRUCTURE FACILITIES AND SERVICES:  ECONOMIC REFORM, COMPETITION POLICY AND REGULATION

A.

Introduction

B.

The economic reform of the infrastructure industries and its rationale

C.

The nature of the regulated infrastructure industries

D.

Separating out the natural monopoly

E.

Competition policy and its aims

F.

Elements of a liberalization programme for infrastructure

G.

Depoliticization and commercialization in the infrastructure sectors

H.

Alternative competitive market forms for infrastructure provision and operation

I.

Regulatory institutions

J.

Maintaining competition in the infrastructure industries

K.

Competition and sector-specific regulation

L.

Independence of regulator

M.

Regulating the transition from monopoly to competition in the infrastructure industries

N.

Summary

III.

REGULATING INFRASTRUCTURE AND SERVICES:  KEY ISSUES

A.

Introduction

B.

Creating competition in the infrastructure industries

C.

Price-setting in natural monopolies

D.

Regulation versus competition in the infrastructure sectors

E.

Price-capping mechanisms in the regulated infrastructure industries

F.

Measuring efficiency:  benchmarking, yardsticking and performance

G.

Regulating quality

H.

Franchising and its limitations in the infrastructure industries

I.

Accountability

J.

Public service obligations and equity

K.

Globalization and international competition

L.

Summary

IV.

REGULATION IN TRANSPORT:  THE PRACTICE

A.

Introduction

B.

Transport:  economic reforms

C.

Railways infrastructure access and services

D.

Highways

E.

Urban public transport

F.

Port, inland waterways and maritime transport

G.

Airports and air transport

H.

Summary

V.

RECOMMENDATIONS FOR REGULATORY POLICY FOR THE INFRASTRUCTURE INDUSTRIES AND ITS IMPLEMENTATION

A.

Introduction

B.

Regulatory principles and policy

C.

Economic reform, competition policy and regulation

ANNEXES

I

Competition policy:  some basic concepts

II.

Anti-competitive behaviour

III.

Summary of sectorial regulation attributes