Preface ....................................................................................................... iii

Executive Summary ................................................................................... v

Introduction ................................................................................................ 1

The Thai Setting ......................................................................................... 3

Intergenerational relations ................................................... 3
The Thai AIDS epidemic and response ............................... 4
Estimates of older age parents potentially affected by HIV/AIDS............................................................. 5
Parental involvement before the spread of ART ................... 8

Living arrangements and caregiving ............................... 8
Care for AIDS orphans ..................................................... 9
Consequences for older persons ...................................... 10

Methods ..................................................................................................... 13

ART recipient survey ....................................................... 13
Parent interviews ............................................................. 15

Results: ART Recipient Survey ............................................................. 19

Basic characteristics ........................................................ 19
Treatment assistance ....................................................... 23

Results: Parent Interviews ..................................................................... 27

Change in PLHA health ................................................... 27
Parental caregiving .......................................................... 30
Psychological support and impact .................................... 36
Treatment support ........................................................... 38
Financial assistance and impact ........................................ 41
Contact with ART related services ................................... 45
Knowledge of ART ......................................................... 47
Community reaction ......................................................... 51

Conclusions and Policy Implications ...................................................... 55

Major findings ................................................................. 56
Policy implications ........................................................... 57

References ................................................................................................ 61

Appendix. Estimates of the number of parents potentially impacted by an adult child with HIV/AIDS, Thailand 2001-2010 ...................... 67