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10 February 2010

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Asia-Pacific Publications Catalogue 2008

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Institutional Changes for Sanitation

Author(s): Environment and Sustainable Development Division (ESDD)

Economic Sector(s): (1) Water resources planning, development and management; (2) Social welfare and services and social security; (3) Assessment and monitoring; (4) Awareness and education

UNESCAP Reference No.: ST/ESCAP/2534

Division: Environment and Development

Published Date: March 2009

Country: Thailand

Hard Copy Price: US$ 24.00

Policymakers in the region are more aware than ever of the economic, social, health and environmentalbenefits of adequate sanitation. Various efforts have been made to raise the political profile ofsanitation, through a United Nations General Assembly resolution (No. 61/192) that declared 2008the International Year of Sanitation, regional high-level sanitation conferences (SACOSAN andEASAN) and close monitoring of the related Millennium Development Goal targets. This improvedunderstanding is also demonstrated by a wide array of institutional changes, undertaken during thepast five years in countries that are lagging behind. This report presents the institutional progress made in selected member countries towards achievingsanitation goals, as reported in an ESCAP-led survey. Institutional progress consists of changes inadministrative, legal and financial rules and practices that have been made with sanitation goals inmind. It also includes the “slow-moving” institutions, which are social norms and practices, generalawareness of the public and the ensuing demand for sanitation services..

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Preface

Acronyms and Abbreviations

Executive Summary

Introduction

1. Sanitaion context in Asia and Pacific

1.1 Slow Changes in the last twenty years

1.2 Sanitation programming in ESCAP

2. Turning point: The International Year of Sanitation

2.1 Defining the institutional environment

2.2 Country experiences in sanitation programming

3. Need for Change: Priorities for the Future

3.1 Reforming "fast-moving" Institutions

3.2 Reforming "medium-moving" Institutions

3.3 Reforming "slow-moving" Institutions

3.4 Priorities for regional cooperation

3.5 Priorities for SACOSAN and EASAN

3.6 Other issues of regional importance

4. Conclusions

Annexes

Annex 1: The survey

Annex 2: Outcomes from Macao

Annex 3: Outcome from 2nd WASH Fair

Annex 4: Country Papers (UNICEF)

Annex 5: Sanitation and CSR

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