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25 May 2013

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Asia-Pacific Publications Catalogue 2011

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Guidelines for Conversion of Diesel Buses to Compressed Natural Gas

Author(s): Transport Division (TD)

Economic Sector(s): (1) Transport policies and planning

ESCAP Reference No.: ST/ESCAP/1361

Division/Office: Transport

Published Date: 1993

Country: {Non-country Specific Publication}

Hard Copy Price: N/A

Due to ever increasing demand for road transport, many countries of the region have to import more and more oil and oil products with resulting negative effect on the balance of payments, as well as air quality in urban areas and public health. Several countries in the region have, however, substantial resources of natural gas, offering the potential for the substitution of imported petroleum and refined petroleum products by this domestic and environment-friendly energy source. Substitution of diesel fuel by compressed natural gas (CNG) in urban buses offers a particular advantage in view of their high specific fuel consumption combined with high annual mileage. The publication provides policy makers, transport planning officials, and road transport operators with the general approach to as well as the conditions for a successful programme for conversion of diesel buses to CNG.

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PREFACE

1

I.

GENERAL APPROACH TO THE SUBSTITUTION OF DIESEL FUEL BY COMPRESSED NATURAL GAS IN ROAD TRANSPORT

3

1

Natural Gas

3

1.1

Emissions and Their Impacts

1.2

Application Potential of Natural Gas in the ESCAP Region

2

Natural Gas as a Fuel for Road Transport

4

2.1

Transport Fuels Based on Natural Gas

2.2

Overview of Engine Conversion Concepts

2.3

Natural Gas - The Environment-friendly Fuel

3

Potential for the Conversion of Diesel Vehicles to CNG

12

3.1

Target Market

3.2

Options for Changing Diesel Vehicles to CNG Operation

3.3

Guiding Criteria for CNG Market Development

4

Economic and Environmental Impacts of Large-scale Conversion of Diesel Buses to CNG

17

4.1

Balance of Payments

4.2

Supply Infrastructure for CNG

4.3

Automotive Trade and Industry

4.4

Bus Operating Costs

4.5

National Budget

4.6

Quality of Life in Conurbations

4.7

Summary

II.

GUIDELINES FOR THE CONVERSION OF DIESEL BUSES TO CNG

30

III.

CONCLUSION

33

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