| 1945 |
1950 |
1960 |
1970 |
1980 |
1990 |
2000 |
Independence
Resistance
war |
|
|
|
|
Geneva peace talks. Country divided
North Viet Nam: Socialist industrialization
and collectivization
South Viet Nam: Consolidation of power, successive
coups |
|
|
American troops introduced to the South
Destructive air war in the North |
|
|
|
|
War ended; economic embargo imposed
Unification |
|
|
|
|
|
Reform of economic policy
Promulgation
of a liberal investment law |
|
|
|
|
|
|
Full integration in global economy
Economic
embargo lifted
Becomes
ASEAN member |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Urbanization |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| 1945 |
1950 |
1960 |
1970 |
1980 |
1990 |
2000 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Low urbanization
Dislocation of population |
|
|
|
|
|
North Viet Nam: Restrained, planned urbanization;
new industrial towns
South Viet Nam: Unplanned urbanization; military installations; processing
industries |
|
|
|
North Viet Nam: Evacuation; dispersion of
settlements; zero or negative growth
South Viet Nam: Refugees flocked to the cities; forced urbanization |
|
|
|
|
Restrained urbanization; population relocation;
economic zoning |
|
|
|
|
|
Urbanization boom |
|
|
|
|
|
|
Continuing urbanization |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Perceived Nature of Housing |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| 1945 |
1950 |
1960 |
1970 |
1980 |
1990 |
2000 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Consumption |
|
|
|
|
|
North Viet Nam: Non-productive sector; social
service
South Viet Nam: Consumption |
|
|
|
North Viet Nam: Shelter
South Viet Nam: Shelter |
|
|
|
|
Non-productive sector; social service |
|
|
|
|
|
Consumption; investment |
|
|
|
|
|
|
Consumption; investment;
Speculative means |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Main mode of housing production |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| 1945 |
1950 |
1960 |
1970 |
1980 |
1990 |
2000 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Private |
|
|
|
|
|
North Viet Nam: State subsidies
South Viet Nam: Private |
|
|
|
North Viet Nam: Destruction of stock
South Viet Nam: Private |
|
|
|
|
State subsidies reduced; work-units housing
production |
|
|
|
|
|
Private |
|
|
|
|
|
|
Private |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Prevailing Urban Housing Forms Produced |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| 1945 |
1950 |
1960 |
1970 |
1980 |
1990 |
2000 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Detached houses; row houses |
|
|
|
|
|
North Viet Nam: Row houses + high-rise communal
housing estates + detached houses
South Viet Nam: Row houses, detached houses |
|
|
|
North Viet Nam: Row houses + high-rise communal
housing estates + detached houses
South Viet Nam: Row houses + detached houses + squatters |
|
|
|
|
Row houses + high-rise communal housing estates
+ detached houses + slums + squatters |
|
|
|
|
|
Row houses + detached houses + slums + squatters |
