|
 
 |
| |
 |
At the third Conference of Parties (COP3) to the United Nations Framework
Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC), held in Kyoto, Japan, in December
1997, the Japanese government agreed to cut greenhouse gases to 6
per cent below 1990 levels by the period of 2008-2012. Japan ratified
the Protocol in June 2002.
In line with the pledge, the Ministry of Economy, Trade and Industry
(METI), announced a Long-Term Energy Supply and Demand Outlook in
June 1998, and a revised Outlook in July 2001. The revised forecast
emphasizes on efficient use of energy and on the development of nuclear
power plants as effective means of reducing CO2 emissions. Future
energy demand in the industrial sector is expected to rise marginally,
while the energy demand in households and transportation sectors is
expected to keep a relative high growth.
The Revised Energy Savings Law of 1999 calls on central and local
governments to offer effective economic incentives to promote wider
use on environmentally friendly products and technologies, including
solar cells and lower-emission and multi-fuel vehicles. The law establishes
a "Top Runner Program" that sets targets and timelines for
energy saving improvements.
On the supply side, the government expects to build 20 new nuclear
power plants by Fiscal Year (FY) 2010. However, locations for nuclear
power plants are hard to find because of strong public opposition
after recent series of incidents and accidents at nuclear facilities.
It is expected that coal will be given lower priority, especially
when compared with less-pollutant fossil fuels such as Liquified Natural
Gas (LNG).
|
Capacity
by ownership (MW) |
| |
1999 |
2000 |
2001 |
| Publicly
owned public utilities |
16,417 |
16,425 |
18,534 |
| Privately
owned public utilities |
205,976 |
207,866 |
210,064 |
| Self-generating
industries |
27,897 |
29,253 |
30,241 |
| Total |
250,290 |
253,544 |
258,839 |
| Note:
Publicly owned public utilities include facilities of
EPDC (Electric Power Development Company |
|
Capacity
by energy type: Fossil fuel and nuclear (MW) |
| |
1999 |
2000 |
2001 |
| Coal |
24,610 |
24,880 |
29,220 |
| Oil |
48,150 |
48,600 |
48,390 |
| Natural
gas |
58,720 |
60,360 |
60,810 |
| Nuclear |
44,920 |
44,920 |
44,920 |
Notes:
Self-generating industries not included.
Natural gas includes LNG, LPG, and other gas.
|
|
Capacity
by energy type: New and renewable energy (kW) |
| |
1999 |
2000 |
2001 |
| Geothermal |
533,000 |
533,000 |
533,000 |
| Hydro |
19,910,000 |
20,020,000 |
20,080,000 |
| Solar
PV |
209,000 |
-- |
-- |
| Wind |
6,000 |
34,000 |
84,000 |
| Biomass |
80,000 |
-- |
-- |
| Waste |
900,000 |
-- |
-- |
| Fuel
cells |
12,000 |
-- |
-- |
Notes:
Includes grid-connected only, does not include self-generating
industries and demand-side installations.
Wind capacity of 83 MW in 1999.
-- not applicable
|
|
Generation
by ownership (GWh) |
| |
1999 |
2000 |
2001 |
| Publicly
owned public utilities |
51,042 |
53,813 |
63,066 |
| Privately
owned public utilities |
858,108 |
867,249 |
877,621 |
| Self-generating
industries |
137,138 |
145,068 |
150,813 |
| Total |
1,046,288 |
1,066,130 |
1,091,500 |
|
Generation
by energy type: New and renewable energy (MWh) |
| |
1999 |
2000 |
2001 |
| Geothermal |
3,531,000 |
3,450,000 |
3,348,000 |
| Hydro |
102,587,000 |
95,577,000 |
96,817,000 |
| Solar
PV |
6,000 |
37,000 |
109,000 |
| Wind |
-- |
-- |
-- |
| Biomass |
-- |
-- |
-- |
| Waste |
-- |
-- |
-- |
Notes:
Hydro power includes pumped-storage.
-- not applicable
|
|
Electricity
losses and own consumption (GWh) |
| |
1999 |
2000 |
2001 |
| Auxiliary
electricity consumption |
34,444 |
34,708 |
34,483 |
| Electricity
provided free of charge |
0 |
0 |
0 |
| Distribution
and transmission losses |
45,808 |
46,307 |
45,808 |
| Total |
80,252 |
81,015 |
80,291 |
Note:
Auxiliary electricity consumption includes power use in
power stations and substations.
|
|
Electricity
consumption by consumer group (GWh)
Note:
Includes supply from 10 Electric Power Companies
|
Electricity
tariff by consumer groups, per kWh
(national currency, Yen) |
| |
1999 |
2000 |
2001 |
| Households |
23.38 |
23.06 |
22.78 |
| Commerce |
15.91 |
15.47 |
15.44 |
| Industry |
15.91 |
15.47 |
15.44 |
Notes:
Price is average of 10 Electric Power Companies and adjusted
according to "fuel-cost-adjustment clause".
For commercial and industrial consumers, price is applicable
to time-of-use tariffs.
For industry, tariff depends on time-of-use, not on load
factor. |
|
|
| Back
to top |
 |
|
|
|
Energy
Resources Section, Environment and Development Division,
United Nations Economic and Social Commission for Asia and the Pacific |
|
