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A. Role of various environment-related measures

Government policy instruments for integrating environmental considerations into economic decisions may be classified into three broad categories: command and control instruments (CACs); market based-instruments (MBIs) and other policies (see Figure 1:).

Fig 1: Government policies for integrating environmental considerations into economic decisions Click here for larger image Source: Asafu-Adjaye, J. Environment Economics: An Introduction for the Non-Economist. World Scientific Publishing, New Jersey, London, Singapore, 2000, p. 79.

Please click on the links to take you to brief discussions and interesting case examples on the policy instruments listed below.

• Command and control instruments
• Market Based Instruments including fiscal measures (tax, subsidies etc.)
• Other environment-related policies, including poverty alleviation, family planning programmes and banking procedures

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