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National visions on sustainable development including environment

Pacific Island Countries:

Fiji:

No particular mentions in the current constitution (1990). Emphasis on environment planning was seen in Development Plan 7 (1976-1980), but not before or after. (In DP8, DP9, discussion on environment has been relegated to an individual sector plan) Sustainable Development Act (1996) drafted but not yet legislated.

PNG:

"Preservation of natural resources and the environment" is one of the five national goals in the constitution. Directive Principles for the fourth goal (preservation of natural resources and the environment) also emphasis the need for public participation in decision making processes.

Tonga:

No particular mentions in the current constitution (1875). Formal recognition on environmental issues was made in the Fifth Development Plan (1985-1990). More attention still was given in the following Plans, e.g. Development Plan 6 (1991-95).

Vanuatu:

Constitution Article 7(d) (1980) focuses on the need to protect and safeguard the national wealth (resources and environment) in the interest of the present and future generation). Third National Development Plan (1987-1991) indicates the concern on utilisation of natural resources for sustainable development and protection of environment and cultural heritage.

South Asia:

India:

Fourth Five Year Plan (1969-74) for the first time explicitly articulated the concern for integration of environmental considerations in the process of planning for economic development. Constitution 42nd Amendment is on the protection and improvement of environment and natural resources.

Nepal:

The Sixth Plan (1980-85) indicated explicit concern on deteriorating state of the country's environment and it stipulated a number of policy measures. The Eighth Plan (1992-97) emphasises sustainable economic growth as one of the three main development objectives, (sustainable economic growth, poverty alleviation and regional balance). A chapter is devoted to environment and resource conservation. It also set up a high-level Environmental Protection Council for policy formulation and inter-ministerial co-ordination and monitoring in the context of environmental management.

Pakistan:

The seventh five-year plan (1988-93) and the fifteen- year perspective plan (1988-2003) give full recognition to the interrelation ship between population, resources, environment and development. The eight five-year plan (1993-98) for the first time includes a full chapter on environment.

Sri Lanka:

Policy statement of the president in 1996 indicated the government's recognition for the need to integrate environmental concerns with the development process for the sustainable use of natural resources.

East and Southeast Asia:

Indonesia:

GBHNs (Guidelines of the State Policy) and Repelitas (Five-Year Development Plans) all have a special chapter on natural resources and the living environment. The Second Long-Term Development (1993-2018), which provides guidelines for Sixth Five Year Plan (1993-98), devoted a chapter on the environment with recognition on the need for preservation of environment in every economic and social activity, sustainable development with considerations of environment.

Malaysia:

Spirit of sustainable development embodied and endorsed in the medium and long-term development strategies such as Third Malaysia Plan (1976-1980) and thereafter, e.g., Seventh Malaysia Plan (1996-2000). Vision 2020 also emphasis on ecologically sustainable economic development. Industrial Master Plan (IMP) 1985-95 has no mention on environmental aspects of industrial development.

Philippines:

The Philippine Strategy for Sustainable Development formulated in 1989 is the first official document that recognises the various dimensions of sustainable development. It also recognises the need to integrate environmental considerations into economic decision making. Philippine Agenda 21, Medium Term Development Plan, Plan 21 etc all concern sustainable development and environmental/economic interactions.

Republic of Korea:

Five-year development plans as a guide for the rapid economic growth over the past 25 years. 1993-97 Plan for a New Economy places particular emphasis on improving environmental protection and the quality of life. The Third Comprehensive National Development Plan (1991-2001) emphasises to integrate environmental objectives into development plans, in order to formulate new policies for urban and provincial development, housing supply and infrastructure. Green Vision 21 (1995) Produced by MOE

Singapore:

Green Plan (November 1991) to transform the state into model Green City by the Year 2000. A master plan of environment in consultation with the public.

Thailand:

National Plans indicates the steps towards integrating environmental objectives into the national plan process

Viet Nam:

Five-Year Plan for Viet Nam (1996-2000) contains specific reference to environment goals. National Plan for Environment and Sustainable Development (1991), National Strategy for Environmental Protection (1985), National Programme for Environment and Sustainable Development (NPESD) exist.