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Economic instruments in the Philippines

      Initiatives in the use of economic instruments and resource pricing for improved environmental management underway in Philippines

1. Tax incentives for industries that install anti-pollution devices (a history of failure as companies try to gain advantages without real compliance).
   
   
2. Pollution charges imposed on mine wastes and tailings.
   
   
3. Pilot-testing of the use of pollution charge to industries discharging their effluents into the Laguna Lake
   
   
4. Waste-exchanges among private firms, particularly waste that can be used as organic fertilizer
   
   
5. Deposit-refund system on glass and plastic softdrink containers and steel drums used for chemicals
   
   
6. Risk-liability systems in the form of Environmental Guarantee Fund (EGF) which is a financial arrangement entered into by industries that have highly toxic waste streams.