Problem overview:

     Framework of coordination: The government of Korea has restructured itself to be more downsized and decentralized in order to efficiently work with other institutions both governmental and non-governmental in incorporating environmental and economic concerns in policy decisions.

     Integrating stakeholders: The Ministry of Environment in Korea encourages the participation of communities and NGOs in policy-making processes with support from the government.

Background in summary:

     The role of NGOs was before to create political pressure on the government: The MOE invites community representatives and NGOs to participate in the policy formulation process. The MOE used to utilize the NGOs as political pressures on incorporating environmental concerns in economic policy making processes or legislation processes.

     Now the government supports NGOs in their activities: Today, the government of Korea has provided financial support to promote NGOs pro-environmental activities. In order to efficiently incorporate environmental concerns into economic policy making, the government of Korea has recently restructured itself to be more downsized and decentralized.

     NGOs are increasing in number and some registered under the MOE: The Federation of Non-governmental Organization for Environment Policy was established in 1994 by the legislation to incorporate the publics opinion into the government policy-making process. In 1996, the total number of environmental NGOs is 339. Among them, 82 NGOs have registered with the MOE.

     A governmental based committee on environment is created with members from various ministries: In the meantime, the government has established a decision making body, called the Environmental Preservation Committee, to cover major environmental policy decisions. This committee is an assembly of representatives from the Ministry of Finance and Economy, the Ministry of Environment, the Ministry of Home Affairs, the Ministry of Trade, the Ministry of Industry and energy, the Ministry of Construction and Transportation, other environmental organizations and non-governmental representatives (NGOs).

     Ministries and non-government bodies working together to create efficiency and reduce conflict: With related ministries and non-governmental bodies all incorporated in the policy decision process, institutional conflicts are expected to be minimal, and policies are anticipated to be pragmatic.

Peer Review Committee Good practice rating: (1 for the best, 5 for the lowest score)
Sustainability		Efficiency
3	Improvement in either the environment of economic condition with no harm to the other.	-	Cost efficient.
2	Sustainable over time (not one-off)	Process
Adaptability		1	Participation of the community
3	Location adaptability (can the project be done in other places?)	2	Participation of resource owners/users
3	Socio-cultural adaptability.	1	Partnerships between various actors (Governments, NGO, Academia, Private)
3	Level of development adaptability.	1	Degree of coordination and cooperation between government departments.
2	Style of government adaptability.	2	Ability to attract political interest/support
2	Degree of decentralization adaptability.	-	Procedures for feedback and review.
Comments on this example:   Sustainability of the project:   Adaptability of the project to other situations:       Process of decision making and implementation:      Framework for coordination: When different interest groups, in this case, governmental and non-governmental institutions are brought together to work on an important matter such as environment, coordination framework is necessary to reduce inefficacy and conflict. Also, what is important is communication, in order for each party to be clear in expressing what they want, and vice versa, understanding correctly what the other parties want. Being open minded is also important in working with people with various interests.      Integrating stakeholders: The Korean government sees the importance of integrating communities, NGOs and interest groups into the policy formulation process. Since these people/group of people will be affected by the implementation of such policies, they should have a say by contributing their experience, view point comments and suggestions. From the process, newly formulated policies should be accepted as satisfactory and beneficial to the society as a whole, because all the important aspects that need to be considered i.e. from the government, the society and from experts, have already been incorporated into the policy formulation process.      Still, not all governments are as open minded or willing to go through the trouble because with many stakeholders involved, the process would be more time consuming and conflict of interests among parties is likely to arrive and might not be resolved in due time. Cost efficiency: