Integrating Environmental Considerations into the Economic Decision-Making Process
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Volume 3East and Southeast AsiaMalaysia (agriculture) Index
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III. MECHANISMS FOR INTEGRATING ENVIRONMENTAL CONSIDERATIONS INTO AGRICULTURAL POLICY

[ III | III-A | III-B | III-C | III-D | III-E | II-F ]

F. Implementation of the mechanisms

[ F | F-1 | F-2 | F-3 ]

3. Opportunities

The establishment of various agencies with clear responsibilities should facilitate the integration of environmental factors into agricultural development. Even though there are overlaps of responsibilities among the agencies, cooperation and coordination could solve the problem and turn it into an opportunity.

Agencies can cooperate in reducing job redundancies, thereby saving time spent on dealing with paperwork and applying for permits. With efficient operation the need for personnel can be reduced and excess manpower can be reallocated to other projects.

Information is very important, especially in research. Exchanges of information between different agencies will speed up research and thus reduce resource use (i.e., materials, investments and expertise).

Table 4. Environmentally-related legislation in Malaysia

1. The Waters Enactment, Chapter 146, 1920 (Revised) Act 418, 1989

2. Mining Enactment, Chapter 147, 1929

3. Forest Enactment, Chapter 153, 1935

4. Natural Resources Ordinance, 1949

5. Poisons Ordinance, 1952 (Revised) Act 366, 1989

6. Sales of Food and Drugs Ordinance, No. 28, 1952 (Revised) Act 368, 1989

7. Dangerous Drugs Ordinance, No. 30, 1952 (Revised), 1980

8. Merchant Shipping Ordinance, 1952

9. Federation Port Rules, 1953

10. Irrigation Areas Ordinance, No. 31, 1953 (Revised), 1989

11. The Aboriginal Peoples Act, 1954, Act 134 (Revised), 1974

12. Drainage Works Ordinance, No. 1, 1954 (Revised) Act 354, 1988

13. Medicine (Sales and Advertisement) Ordinance, No. 10, 1956

14. Explosives Ordinance, 1957

15. Road Traffic Ordinance, 1958

16. Land Conservation Act, Act 3, 1960 (Revised), 1989

17. Fisheries Act, 1963, Act 317, 1985

18. National Land Code, Act 56 and P.P. 474, 1965

19. Housing Development Act (Licensing and Control) 1965

20. Continental Shelf Act, Act 83, 1966 (Revised), 1972

21. Petroleum Mining Act, Act 95, 1966 (Revised), 1972

22. Factories and Machinery Act, 1967, Act 139 (Revised), 1974

23. Radioactive Substances Act, Act 17, 1968

24. Civil Aviation Act, Act 3, 1969

25. Malaria Eradication Act, Act 52, 1971

26. Trade Description Act, 1972

27. Protection of Wildlife Act, Act 76, 1972, (Revised) 1976

28. City of Kuala Lumpur (Planning) Act, Act 107, 1973 (Repealed), 1982

29. Street, Drainage and Building Act, Act 133, 1974

30. Petroleum Development Act, 1974

31. Geological Survey Act, Act 129, 1974

32. Pesticides Act, Act 149, 1974

33. Environmental Quality Act, Act 127, 1974

34. Municipal and Town Boards (Amendment) Act, Act A289, 1975

35. Destruction of Disease-Bearing Insects Act, Act 154, 1975

36. Antiquities Act, Act 168, 1976

37. Local Government Act, Act 171, 1976

38. Town and Country Planning Act, Act 172, 1976

39. The National Parks Act, Act 226, 1980

40. Malaysian Highway Authority Act, Act 231, 1980

41. Atomic Energy Licensing Act, Act 304, 1984

42. Exclusive Economic Zone Act, Act 311, 1984

43. National Forestry Act, Act 313, 1984

44. Sewerage Services Act, Act 508, 1993

45. Occupational Safety and Health Act, Act 514, 1994

46. Merchant Shipping (Oil Pollution) Act, Act 515, 1994

47. Mineral Development Act, Act 525, 1994

Table 5. List of implementing agencies and legislation concerned with the control of chemicals and hazardous wastes

Agency Legislation
  1. Pesticides Board,
    Ministry of Agriculture
  1. Pesticides Act, 1974
    1. Pesticides (Amendment of First and Second Schedule) Order 1982
    2. Registered Pesticides 1978-1988
    3. Pesticides (Licensing for Sale and Storage for Sale) Rule 1988
    4. Guidelines on Applications for Approval of Advertisement on Pesticides 1981
    5. Guidelines on Application for Permit to Import Pesticides for Educational and Research Purposes 1981
    6. Guidelines on Registration, Labelling and Classification of Pesticides
  1. Ministry of Health
  1. Food Act 1983
    1. Food Regulations 1985

  2. Sale of Food and Drugs Ordinance, 1952
    1. Sale of Food and Drugs Regulations, 1952
    2. Sale of Food and Drugs (Margosa Oil) Regulations, 1952
    3. Sale of Food and Drugs (Cliquinol) Regulations, 1982
    4. Control of Drugs and Cosmetics Regulations, 1984

  3. Poisons Act, 1952 (Revised 1989)
    1. Poisons List Order 1983
    2. Poisons (Sodium Arsenite) Regulations, 1949
    3. Poisons (Sodium Hydroxide) Regulations, 1962

  4. Medicine (Advertisement and Sale) Act, 1956 (Revised 1983)

  5. Dangerous Drug Acts, 1952

    1. Dangerous Drug (Amendment) Act, 1983
    2. Dangerous Drug Regulation, 1952

  6. Dangerous Drug (Special Preventive Measures) Acts, 1985

  7. Hydrogen Cyanide Fumigation Act
  1. Ministry of Domestic Trade and Consumer Affairs
  1. Trade Description Act, 1972
    1. Trade Description (Amendment) Act, 1982
  1. Factories and Machinery Department,
    Ministry of Human Resources
  1. Factories and Machinery Act, 1967
    1. Factories and Machinery (Asbestos Process) Regulations, 1986
    2. Factories and Machinery (Lead) Regulations, 1989

  2. Petroleum (Safety Measures) Act, 1984
    1. Petroleum (Safety Measures)(Transportation by Pipeline) Regulations, 1985
  1. Customs and Excise Department,
    Ministry of Finance
  1. Customs Act, 1967
    1. Customs (Prohibition of Export) Order 1988
    2. Customs (Prohibition of Import) Order 1988
    3. Customs (Prohibition of Export) (Amendment)(No. 2) Order 1993
    4. Customs (Prohibition of Import) (Amendment)(No. 3) Order 1993
  1. Department of Environment,
    Ministry of Science, Technology and the Environment
  1. Environmental Quality Act, 1974
    1. Environmental Quality Act (Amendment) 1985
    2. Environmental Quality (Clean Air) Regulations 1978
    3. Environmental Quality (Sewage and Industrial Effluent) Regulations 1979
    4. Environmental Quality (Scheduled Waste) Regulations 1989
    5. Environmental Quality (Prescribed Premises)(Scheduled Waste Treatment and Disposal Facilities) Order 1989
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