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V. INSTITUTIONAL ARRANGEMENTS FOR ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT
[ V-A | V-B
| V-C | V-D | V-E
| V-F | V-G | V-H
| V-I | V-J ]
I. Problems in the implementation of environmental measures
[ I-1 | I-2
| I-3 | I-4 | I-5]
1. Adequate or inadequate environmental legislation and management
The establishment of environmental laws and regulations contributes to
environmental protection. Without such laws and regulations, the implementation
of environmental protection measures and the realization of environmental
protection goals could not be realized. Because environmental laws and
regulations have to cover a wide area, detailed environmental stipulations
are inadequate and local laws are imperfect. Although the aims and measures
of environmental protection are contained in every Shenyang
five-year development plan, their implementation may meet obstacles from
time to time. Clear public awareness of the law is not strong, and the
majority of the population are unable to make use of environmental laws
in protecting their environment. Such situations as difficulties in punishing
violators of the laws and lax enforcement of the laws continue to exist
in some parts of the region. In addition, some of the current environmental
protection laws, regulations, policies and measures are left over from
the period of the centrally planned economy system, and are therefore unsuitable
to meeting the needs of the socialist market economy system, especially
as they have not been linked closely with more recently introduced economic
laws and regulations. Some of the current environmental protection laws,
regulations, systems and measures contain loopholes and are not complementary
or in harmony. For example, some laws and regulations only present demands,
but do not stipulate the legal responsibilities for violations. In summary,
environmental laws and regulations play a important role in the protection
and management of the environment, but weaknesses and inadequate legal
definitions as well as poor enforcement still exist.
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