INTEGRATING ENVIRONMENTAL CONSIDERATIONS INTO ECONOMIC DECISION-MAKING PROCESSES AT THE NATIONAL LEVEL IN FIJI

Contents

List of Abbreviation

Introduction

1. Current limitations and challenges for incorporating environmental considerations into macroeconomic decisions
2. Government awareness of environmental issues and areas of priority
3. Proposed Sustainable Development Act: a blueprint for the future
   1. Positive environmental qualities derived from Fiji's environment
   2. Environmental liabilities

I. Social, economic and natural resource setting

1. Changing social indicators in Fiji
   1. Population characteristics
   2. Social indicators
2. Resource base
   1. Land
   2. Forests resources and their use
   3. Marine resources and their use
   4. Tourism: a natural resource-based industry
   5. Minerals resources and their exploitation
   6. Quarantine status as a natural resource
3. Traditional environmental management and development of a cash economy
4. Economic performance: marginalized consideration of environmental issues

II. Institutional arrangements for integrating

1. Overview of institutional structure
2. Coordinating, administrative and policy-making organizations
   1. Department of the Environment
   2. Ministry of Housing, Urban Development and the Environment
   3. Ministry of Finance and Economic Development and the Central Planning Office
   4. Aid and Budget Coordinating Committees
   5. Public Service Commission
   6. Macro Economic Committee
3. Institutions dealing with resource management and conservation
   1. Ministry of Agriculture, Fisheries and Forestry, and the Agricultural Landlord and Tenant Act?
   2. Ministry of Lands, Mineral Resources and Energy
4. Institutions dealing with waste and pollution management
   1. Ministry of Health and Social Welfare
   2. Ministry of Public Works, Infrastructure and Transport
   3. Ministry of Commerce, Industry, Trade and Public Enterprises
   4. Ministry of Education, Women, Culture, Science and Technology
5. Government committees concerned with environmental management
6. Non-governmental organizations concerned with environmental issues and management
7. Overall adequacy of institutional arrangements
8. Institutional arrangements under the proposed Sustainable Development Act
   
   

III. Mechanisms for integrating environmental considerations into economic decision-making

1. The political system and implications for environmental decision-making
2. Current economic decision-making process
   1. Policy formulation
   2. Public sector project cycle
3. Status of integrating environmental considerations into the decision-making process
4. Mainstreaming environmental issues into the decision-making framework: what is required in Fiji
5. Sectoral coordination and conflict: some case studies
   1. Land use
   2. Logging and water supply
   3. Logging and tourism
6. Provisions for institutional strengthening and coordination
7. Role of the private sector and non-governmental organizations in planning
   
   

IV. Measures for integrating environmental considerations

1. Stated environmental policies
2. Measures used to achieve stated environmental policies and an evaluation of effectiveness
   1. Command and control
   2. Economic incentives and self-regulation
   3. Public awareness
3. Conclusions

V. Multilateral trade and environment agreements in domestic policy formulation in fiji

1. Implications of trade liberalization for the Fiji environment
2. Threat of 'green bans'
3. International Conventions on the environmental and resources, and implications for Fiji
   1. Convention on Biological Diversity
   2. Framework Convention on Climate Change
   3. Agenda 21,  the Barbados Programme of Action and Capacity 21
   4. Vienna Convention for the Protection of the Ozone Layer and the Montreal Protocol
4. Requirements of donors
5. Institutional arrangements for incorporating agreements into domestic policy formulation
6. Implementation of international Conventions under the proposed Sustainable Development Act
7. Environmental considerations and competitive advantage of Fiji

VI. Monitoring and enforcement

1. Current enforcement of environment policies, laws and regulations
2. Enforcement mechanisms
3. Monitoring enforcement
4. Case studies of enforcement in resource management and conservation
5. Enforcement in waste and pollution management
   1. Water pollution
   2. Air pollution
   3. Waste pollution
6. Establishing criteria for judging the effectiveness of monitoring
7. Monitoring and enforcement under the Sustainable Development Act
   
   

VII. Information and training needs

1. Importance of environmental information
2. Current environmental information situation in Fiji
3. Mechanisms for disseminating environmental information among the parties concerned
   1. Government agencies
   2. Dissemination of environmental information to the public
4. Training
   1. Longer-term training requirements for government officials
   2. Short-term training of government officials
   3. Training requirements for the implementation of the Sustainable Development Act

VIII. Conclusions and recommendations

References

List of Tables

1. Average annual population growth rate between census periods in Fiji
2. Land distribution by class of tenure
3. Summary of ministries, statutory bodies and other agencies dealing with the environment
4. Proposed composition of the National Council for Sustainable Development

List of Figures

1. Area of land farmed in Fiji
2. Environmental management structure under the proposed Sustainable Development Act.
3. Central decision-making machinery

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