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III. INTEGRATION OF ENVIRONMENTAL CONCERNS INTO DECISION- MAKING FOR FLOOD LOSS REDUCTION[ III-A | III-B | III-C | III-D | III-E | III-F | III-G ] E. Guidelines for community participation2. Grass-roots (local level) participation in micro-project planningFor small-scale projects at the local level (Union and Thana), the planning process starts with project identification. Union and Thana are the lowest and the second-lowest tiers of local government in Bangladesh. LGED is responsible for the implementation of small-scale projects. The modality of people's participation in planning and management of small-scale projects is shown in Figure 18 which is based on guidelines and manuals for O & M of projects by LGED (1994b) and a brochure published in 1996. The Beneficiaries Participation Plan for these projects requires the formation of Water Management Cooperative Associations (WMCA) by the beneficiaries as legal entities so that these associations are vested with necessary authorities together with responsibilities of project O & M. It envisages keeping the WMCAs in close association in all processes of selection, planning, design and implementation of projects. This would ensure that the project designs adequately meet local requirements and the beneficiaries' expectations.
Source: Local Government Engineering Department, 1994b Figure 18. Flow-chart to illustrate people's participation in planning and management of small-scale projects The tasks to be carried out and nature of people's participation at various stages of the project cycle are briefly explained below. (a) Project Identification: Union Parishad identifies project, LGED prepares Pro Forma and Thana Coordination Committee approves the project. (b) Reconnaissance and Feasibility Study: The Executive Engineer of LGED checks scope and feasibility analyses. Consultation is carried out with local leaders, water management associations, government and non-government agencies, community based organizations, beneficiaries and others who might be affected by the project. At this stage, the WMCA is formed with members representing villages and subgroups, including women, landless people, fishermen and small-scale land holders. (c) Detailed Design: Design is carried out by engineers of LGED in close association with WMCA. Then the responsibility of WMCA regarding contribution to construction and O & M is finalized. (d) Implementation: Construction is supervised by LGED with participation from WMCA. After completion of works, the project is handed over to WMCA to manage the scheme, including canals and embankments. (e) O & M and Monitoring: Annual inspection is done by WMCA to
plan for O & M and to report key indicators for monitoring and evaluation
of benefits.
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