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I. STATE OF THE ENVIRONMENT IN MALAYSIA
[ I-A | I-B | I-C ]
B. Overview of national development policies
[ B-1 | B-2 | B-3 | B-4 | B-5 ]
2. Second Outline Perspective Plan, 1991-2000
The Second Outline Perspective Plan (OPP2) followed the First Outline Perspective Plan (OPP1) (1971-1990). The guiding principles of OPP1, encompassing the New Economic Policy (NEP), were to promote growth with equity and achieve national unity through eradicating poverty and restructuring society. OPP2 was formulated based on the New Development Policy (NDP), building upon the achievements of OPP1 and he correct social and economic imbalances within the context of an expanding economy. Those efforts have not only been focusing on achieving numerical targets of equity restructuring and bumiputra (indigenous Malay) ownership of corporate wealth (as was the primary focus of OPP1 and NEP), but also on strengthening the capacity of the bumiputra to increase their ownership of corporate wealth and achieve a more equitable distribution of income and wealth throughout the country. NDP is also different from its predecessor in that it sets no time frame for achieving its goal, although OPP2 covers a shorter period of 10 years and, thus, is inherently more flexible, and easier to review and revise should the need arise.
The development strategy of the OPP2 period is based on four principles. The first principle is growth with equity, while the second principle stresses balanced societal development for social and political stability. The third principle calls for the nurturing and moulding of a Malaysian society that is responsible, resilient, progressive and caring. The fourth principle relates to the environment. The OPP2 document calls for "prudent management of natural resources and the ecology as well as the preservation of natural beauty and a clean environment, to ensure sustainable development for the present and future generations". Environmental programmes under OPP2 emphasize the maintenance of a clean and healthy environment with ecological and climatic stability. Natural resources will continue to be exploited for economic purposes, but that will be done within the context of resource protection to safeguard the needs of future generations. In other words, OPP2 stresses sustainable development. That is important as all other plans and policies undertaken during the OPP2 period need to adhere to its guiding principles; as such, OPP2 will ensure sustainable development.
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