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V. INSTITUTIONAL ARRANGEMENTS FOR ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT
[ V-A | V-B
| V-C | V-D | V-E
| V-F | V-G | V-H
| V-I | V-J ]
A. Institutional systems for environmental management and socio-economic
development planning in China
[ A-1 | A-2
| A-3 ]
2. Institutional system of environmental management in China
According to State laws, China has established a system of environmental
protection, under which the central and local governmental environmental
protection departments are responsible for all related activities. The
various departments share the work and cooperate with one another. A five-level
administration system (national, provincial, city, county and township)
exist, the basic composition of which is illustrated in figure 23. Moreover,
the national, provincial and city levels have established supplementary
institutions which undertake scientific research, monitoring, information
and promotional activities, and educational activities.
The main responsibilities of the environmental management departments
at each level of government are: drawing up environmental protection plans;
supervising the implementation of laws and regulations on environmental
protection; coordinating the relationship among the various parties and
guiding their work. However, the most important of those functions is supervising
the implementation of environmental laws and regulations.
In the view of the current administrative institutional arrangements
in China, the main form of environmental protection is a system composed
of three subsystems. The first subsystem comprises regional comprehensive
environmental management institutions established by the central and local
governments; among them are the Environmental
Protection Commission of the State Council
and the National Environmental Protection Agency. The second subsystem
is made up of environmental management sectoral institutions, which have
been established by the main sectors of the central and local governments;
they include the environmental protection departments of central ministries,
the environmental protection sections of provincial departments or the
municipalities. The third subsystem comprises environmental protection
management institutions that specialize in the protection of the environment
within specific river basins or river systems; those institutions mainly
coordinate the relationships between different areas within a river basin
or river system as well as organize and implement a united environmental
protection strategy.
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