As noted previously in this report, a number of government establishments are responsible for managing the public water supplies in Tonga. The Water Supply Regulations set out the various functions of TWB. The regulations prohibit the selling or wasting of water. Fouling or damaging public water supplies is also prohibited. But the penalties for breaching those regulations are inadequate. Thus, anyone convicted under Regulation 18 (i.e., selling water without authorization or wasting water) is liable to a maximum fine of T$ 20 and a further fine of T$ 10 for each day the offence continues. The penalty for fouling or damaging public water supplies is only T$ 20.
Table 3 summarizes some of the major points of discussion in the sections above. The aim is to give an overall picture of some of the problem areas, the relevant existing regulations, the areas requiring further attention and the relative strengths and weaknesses of those regulations.
| Problem areas |
Existing regulations |
Institution responsible |
Weaknesses or strengths, and areas needing attention/action |
| Agriculture and forestry |
Plant Quarantine Act |
Ministry of Agriculture and Forestry |
- Act lacks implementing regulations
- Double and conflicting roles of extension officers
|
| Agriculture and forestry |
The Animal Diseases Act |
Ministry of Agriculture and Forestry |
- Act lacks implementing regulations
- Inadequate staff
|
| Agriculture and forestry |
The Pesticides Act |
Ministry of Agriculture and Forestry |
- Storage, sale and distribution not covered by the Act
- Lack of enforcement powers
- Inadequate penalties
|
| Public health |
Public Health Services Act |
Ministry of Health; Ministry of Lands, Survey and Natural Resources; Ministry of Agriculture and Forestry |
- Possible conflicts of interest as a result of overlapping of responsibilities
- Lack of trained staff and resources
- Penalties for offences very light/weak monitoring and enforcement
|
| |
Section on toxic waste |
Ministry of Health; Ministry of Lands, Survey and Natural Resources; Ministry of Agriculture and Forestry |
- Lack of strict monitoring and enforcement
- Penalty needs to be set a more realistic level
- Good example of "user-pay" principle
|
| Pollution |
Petroleum Mining Act |
Ministry of Health; Ministry of Lands, Survey and Natural Resources; Ministry of Agriculture and Forestry |
Environmentally a good Act (example of "user-pay" principle) |
| Fisheries |
Fisheries Act |
Ministry of Fisheries |
- More physical infrastructure and staff necessary to ensure monitoring and enforcement
- Strong on monitoring and enforcement of conservation measures
- Penalties providing strong deterrent
|
| Land resources |
Land Act |
Ministry of Lands, Survey and Natural Resources |
- Legal entitlement to allocation of land at 16 years and over no longer possible
- Conflict resulting from dual role of meeting land needs for residential purposes and protecting/conserving the environment
|