INSTITUTIONAL ARRANGEMENTS AND MECHANISMS FOR INTEGRATING ENVIRONMENTAL CONSIDERATIONS INTO ECONOMIC DECISION MAKING PROCESS AT THE NATIONAL LEVEL IN THE PHILIPPINES

Contents

List of abbreviations

Introduction

I. National institutional arrangements for integrating environmental concerns into the policy decision process

1. National planning and policy-making in the philippines
   1. Structure
2. National structure for the integration of environmental concerns into economic policy decisions
   1. National-level initiatives
   2. Agency/sectoral level initiatives
   3. Ad hoc bodies
3. Strengths and weaknesses of the structures
   1. Institutional structures
   2. Sectoral orientation of most line agencies
   3. Effectiveness of public consultations
   4. Planning process as a venue for integration

II. Mechanisms for integrating environmental considerations into overall economic policies

1. Mechanisms and experiences in integration
   1. Philippine council for sustainable development system
   2. Other mechanisms
2. Examples of conflict resolution
   1. Development of tagaytay city
   2. Golf course construction and development committee
   3. Social acceptability issue for projects
   4. Industrial forest management agreement
3. Initiatives in economy-environment integration
   1. Medium-term philippine development plan
   2. Strategy of the philippines for sustainable development
   3. Philippine agenda 21
4. Strengths and weaknesses of current mechanisms
   1. Capacity for environmental integration
   2. Links for coordination among institutions
   3. Policy and framework for environmental integration
   4. Monitoring and evaluation mechanism
   5. Accurate databases

III. Measures and policy instruments used for integration

1. Command and control measures
2. Market-based instruments
   1. Financial incentives
   2. Pollution charges
   3. Waste exchange
   4. Deposit-refund systems
   5. Risk-liability systems
3. Other measures
   1. Economic internal rate of return of public sector projects
   2. Environmental accounting system
   3. Sustainable development indicators
   4. Information and education campaign measures
   5. Assessment of the effectiveness of the measures

IV. Consideration of multilateral trade and environmental agreements in domestic policy formulation

1. Multilateral agreements
2. Integrating agreements into domestic policy formulation
   1. Department of foreign affairs
   2. Legislature
   3. Department of environment and natural resources
3. Constraints on effective integration
   1. Lack of tools for integration
   2. Financing
   3. Effects of competitiveness
   4. Capacity-building
   5. Information gaps

V. Review of monitoring mechanisms

1. Monitoring approaches
   1. Command and control mechanism
   2. Devolution
   3. Participatory approach
2. Institutional landscape for monitoring
   1. Forest protection
   2. Protection of coastal resources
   3. Pollution control
3. Perceived weaknesses of the current monitoring system
   1. Inadequate facilities for monitoring
   2. Institutional inadequacies
   3. Jurisdictional problems
4. Measures for addressing monitoring problems
   1. Formulation of an environmental monitoring programme
   2. Monitoring, reporting and evaluation system for the philippine agenda 21

VI. Review of information and training needs

1. Current measures for training government officials
   1. Human resource development programme
   2. Projects
2. Training and information needs
   1. Training needs
   2. Information needs

VII. Conclusions and recommendations

Annexes

1. Command and control measures
2. Multilateral agreements

References

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