I. NATIONAL INSTITUTIONAL ARRANGEMENTS
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A. Background
The Eighth Five-Year Plan envisaged a number of policy guidelines and programme proposals aimed at achieving better integration of environmental protection into the development process. Institutional development is included as a priority programme among the various measures proposed. Five specific fields for action have been identified in the area of strengthening institutions: (a) the establishment of a high-level environmental council; (b) the strengthening of the planning sections in the various environment-related agencies in order to improve planning and implementation of environmental activities; (c) human resources development; (d) the improvement of monitoring and evaluation systems; and (e) the enhancement of analytical capability and data systems (National Planning Commission, 1992). The first action was implemented in 1993 with the creation of the Environment Protection Council, and efforts are on-going in the case of other actions.
A number of institutions have been created to address the multifaceted issues related to the overall national environmental situation and the environmental consequences of sectoral development efforts. Annex I to this chapter provides a list of those agencies and a brief description of their main responsibilities.Several ministries, departments and parastatals are now equipped with environmental cells to specifically incorporate preventive and mitigatory measures in their development programmes and projects. Analytical and implementation capacity is also growing in the non-governmental organizations and the private sector.
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