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|
III. ENVIRONMENT MONITORING AND URBAN PLANNING
[ III-A | III-B
| III-C | III-D | III-E
| III-F | III-G | III-H
]
F. The comprehensive environmental harnessing of the Suzhou River
[ F-1 | F-2
| F-3 | F-4 ]
2. Planning of the functions of the Suzhou River-
The Suzhou River winds its way through the city for about 22 km. It joins
the Huangpu River in downtown Shanghai - the central business district
- the symbol of Shanghai as an international metropolis of the 21st century.
But its polluted condition is the biggest obstacle to Shanghai creating
an attractive investment environment. To be a sustainable metropolis, it
should have a pleasant eco--environment, along with commodious housing,
easy traffic, comfortable living conditions, fresh air, clear water, nice
parks and a rich traditional culture. The comprehensive environmental harnessing
of the Suzhou River reflects new, enlightened thinking, which is the first
step towards professional and thoughtful planning.
Before comprehensive harnessing, it is necessary to ascertain the functions
of the Suzhou River and compartmentalize them according to spatio-temporal
dimension. They may be identified as follows:
-
(1) Eco-environmental function: improving the water quality of the Suzhou
River, restoring the normal ecological functions of the river, symbolized
by at least the presence of fish in the water.
-
(2) Water conservancy function: in the low-water season, water from the
Yangtze River could be inducted into the Suzhou River to dilute the waste;
in the high-water season, it could be used as a drainage conduit of the
Tai Lake. The function as an urban surface drainage conduit may be limited
in the short run, but in the long run, this function would improve desalination.
-
(3) The function of entertainment: the course between Beixinjing and Huangpu
can be used for recreation. To reach this aim, the water quality must be
better than the 4th level and trees and flowers need to be planted along
the river. When the tourists travel along the river surrounded by green
trees as well as buildings of various styles and characters, the sight
will make them relaxed and happy. In addition, if some suitable recreational
facilities were provided, the river would be ideal for the local residents
of Shanghai.
-
(4) The function of shipping: only the course above Beixinjing is suitable
for shipping. To pass in-and-out the Suzhou River, arriving and departing
ships have to make a detour through the Wenzaobang River or the south river
net that goes into the Dianpu River.
According to the above, the preliminary function-dividing of the Suzhou
River might be as follows:
-
(1) Segment for sight-seeing
The course down toward Beixinjing, about 17 km in length, can be
designated as a segment for sight-seeing and flood discharge. There should
be a l0 m or wider green belt along the banks, with no shipping and discharging
and no water for industrial use. The industrial orientation is tourism,
commerce, trade and service-calling.
-
(2) Mixed function segment from Huacao to Beixinjing
The land bordering this section of the river is a natural extension
of Shanghai urban area. The usage of this segment is for flood discharge
and shipping, but with no waste discharging after the year 2000. Before
1998, all the industrial polluting point sources in this area must meet
the corresponding pollutant-discharging standard and gross-controlling
standard. The discharge of irregular polluted water into the 6 branches
of the Suzhou River must be prohibited, not to mention the direct discharge
of polluted water of high consistency into these 6 branches. The industrial
enterprises, which are likely to cause serious pollution, should be appropriately
regulated. It must be strictly -prohibited to add new industrial enterprises
and relocate contaminated industrial enterprises from the city. The industrial
orientation is business, service-calling and only first class industrial
categories.
Table 19. Summary of the water environmental harnessing
of various segments of the Suzhou River
|
Segments |
Segment for sight- seeing below Beixinjing. |
Segment from Beixinjing to Huacao - mixed functions |
Segment from Huangdu to Huacao - mixed, functions |
Huangdu segment - mixed functions |
|
Water quality of 2000 |
V Standard |
IV Standard |
IV Standard |
IV Standard |
|
Water quality of 2010 |
IV Standard |
IV Standard |
IV Standard |
IV Standard |
|
Regional character |
Sight seeing tour in urban center |
Sight-seeing tour in urban center |
Mixed area of industry and agriculture |
Agricultural area |
|
Discharge standard of 2000 |
No discharging |
Branch: the first class of national standard; the joint is the key area of control |
First class of national standard |
First class of national standard |
|
Discharge standard of 2010 |
No discharging |
No discharging |
First class of national standard |
First class of national standard |
|
Industrial orientation |
Tourism, business, trade |
Business, the first class enterprises |
The first and second enterprises |
Agriculture |
-
(3) Mixed function segment from Huangdu to Huacao
This segment is the combined industrial and agricultural area of
Shanghai. The exploitation of this segment should be for discharging, shipping
and agricultural water usage. The industrial orientation is for first and
second industrial categories and cultivation.
-
(4) Mixed segment from Huangdu to the boundary of Jiangsu Province
This segment is the agricultural area of Shanghai. The exploitation
of this segment should be for discharging, shipping and agricultural water
usage. The industrial orientation is the first and second industrial categories
and cultivation, together with aquatics farming (without the net and box
fishing).
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