MODALITIES FOR ENVIRONMENTAL ASSESSMENT: FLOOD LOSS REDUCTION IN BANGLADESH

Contents

List of Abbreviations

Local Expressions

Introduction

A. Flood control in Bangladesh

B. Background of present study

C. Study approach

I. Environment and assessment of flood impacts

A. Main features of the Bangladesh delta

B. Types of floods

C. Ecological resources

1. Wetland

2. Fisheries

3. Flora and fauna

4. Forests

D. Related population and socio-economic setting

1. Population and socio-economic conditions

2. Agriculture sector

3. Transport sector

4. Economic base and growth pattern

E. Effects of floods on social and economic conditions

1. Information on flood damage

2. Monetary value of damages due to river floods

3. Impact of river floods on economy

4. Impact of river floods on social conditions

5. Loss of lives due to cyclonic floods

II. Flood loss reduction and review of past experiences

A. Flood mitigation measures

1. Structural measures

2. Non-structural measures

B. General information on flood control projects

1. Types of flood control projects

2. Scales of flood control projects

3. Development in flood control projects

C. Methodology for assessment

1. Assessment of hydraulic impacts

2. Flood depth mapping for planning of agricultural land protection

3. Selection of return period in planning protection level

4. Assessment of non-agricultural flood damage

5. Risk assessment in flood shelter planning

D. General performance of flood control projects

E. Environmental impacts of flood control projects

1. Impact on physical environment

2. Impact on ecological environment

3. Impact on human environment

F. Projects as case studies

1. Definition of success and failure

2. Criteria for selection

3. Summary of findings

4. Lessons learned and future needs

III. Integration of environmental concerns into decision- making for flood loss reduction

A. Review of flood management plans and policies

1. The master plan, 1964

2. Land and water sector study, 1972

3. National water plan, 1987 and 1991

4. Flood action plan, 1989

5. Water and flood management strategy, 1995

B. National environment management action plan

C. Integration at the national level

1. Five-year plan

2. Water sector plan

D. Integration at the local and regional levels (environmental impact assessment)

1. Guidelines on eia for small-scale projects

2. Manual for eia for large-scale projects

3. Sources of data

E. Guidelines for community participation

1. Guidelines for people's participation in water development projects

2. Grass-roots (local level) participation in micro-project planning

3. Participation in large-scale project planning

4. Participation in macro-level planning

F. Methodologies for integration of environmental considerations into economic decision-making

1. Multi-criteria assessment of large-scale projects

2. Selection of small-scale projects

3. Allocation of life-saving shelters and earthen mounds for ovine/bovine protection

G. Decision-making procedure for integration of projects into development planning

1. Project planning

2. Institutions

3. Procedural requirements for project approval

4. Incorporation of environmental and people's participation aspects

5. Consideration of cross-sectoral concerns and institutional linkages

6. Disaster management

IV. Conclusions and recommendations

Annexes

List of Tables

1. Social and economic indicators of Bangladesh

2. Area and production of major crops in 1993-94

3. Estimated effects of flood damage

4. Estimates of impact on GDP growth due to flood damage

5. Major cyclones affecting Bangladesh since 1969

6. A comparison of losses due to 1970 and 1991 cyclones that hit Bangladesh

7. Scale for project classification in terms of area coverage

8. Return period of the design floods in determining the height of embankments

9. Financial and economic performances of 17 projects (1991 prices)

10. Analysis by region of Aman production in comparison with FCD growth

11. Performances of flood control embankments of 17 projects during 1991 monsoon

12. Brief summary of features of 7 case study projects

13. Reasons for success/failure of 7 case study projects

14. A qualitative evaluation/assessment of environmental aspects of 7 case study projects

15. Checklist of environmental parameters of small scale projects in EIA guidelines

16. Format of summary sheet for multi-criteria analysis in large-scale project planning

17. Decision-making modality of processing development (investment) projects costing up to Taka 100 million

18. Decision-making modality of processing development (investment) projects costing over Taka 100 million

List of Figures

1. Ganges-Brahmaputra-Meghna basins

2. Variation in mean monthly discharge in the Padma downstream of the confluence of the Ganges and Jamuna

3. Time series plot of flood damages in monetary units

4. Locations of some large and medium flood control projects in Bangladesh

5. Growth of flood control projects and downward trend in flooded area

6. Hydrological regions

7. Thana classified by Risk Index

8. Increase in flood level and decrease in low flood due to prevention of flood storage in wetlands of Atrai river basin

9. Increase in extreme flood level due to confinement of flood flow in Gumti river

10. Rise in river bed due to flood control polders in tidal environment

11. Impact of prevention of flooding of floodplain: a schematic

12. An analytical framework on land acquisition: impact on people and economy, and responses from Government, NGOs and people

13. Locations of case study projects

14. Formulation process of a five-year plan

15. Quantification of environmental impact in planning small-scale infrastructural development projects

16. Relative importance values of environmental parameters related to small-scale infrastructure planning

17. Steps in EIA framework as outlined in the manual for large-scale projects

18. Flow-chart to illustrate people's participation in planning and management of small-scale projects

19. Flow-chart to illustrate people's participation in planning and management of large-scale projects

20. Assessment process for large-scale water resources project planning

21. Location map of Jamalpur Priority Project

22. Major options for Jamalpur Priority Project

23. Flow-chart for selection of very small-scale schemes at Union level

24. Flow-chart for selection of small-scale schemes at Thana level

25. Procedural steps for approval and funding of projects

References

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