| |
Positive side of
stakeholders
participation in decision
making processes |
Negative side of
stakeholders
participation in decision
making |
| Quality of the
planning |
Improvement
(Review of policies from
various aspects increases the
possibility of environmental
programmes having the
desired results and reduces the
risk of failure) |
|
| Wider
Representation |
Wider aspects
(A diverse range of values
and opinions come to the table,
PI can improve problem
solving;) |
Misrepresentation
(Some participants may
not actually have any
direct stake in the policy
decision and may use the
process for political ends.)
|
| Relationships
among
stakeholders |
Improved relationship
with local community
(Stakeholders participation provides the developer
(government or private
sector) with a "license to
operate" in a given area,
through the development
of "partnership" with local
communities;)
|
Distorted interest
(Possible conflicts between
individuals, groups and
organizations undermining
sustainable development;)
(Many government workers
are inclined to view the
public and industry as the
problem and are unwilling
to consider abrogating their
own power or control.) |
| Timing |
Long-term benefit |
Time consuming
process
(The more participants,
the longer the process of
decision making) |
| Costs |
Reduction of future
risks
(Reduced risk of serious
confrontation, thereby
minimising long-term
project costs and delays;) |
Financial and other
resource costs of
promoting the
stakeholder
participation
(Expensive process
(advertising, public
presentations, etc) of
getting the public and
private enterprise to
understand an issue and
actively participate in an
environmental programme)
(Negotiation skills to
resolve conflicts of interest
among different
participants)
(Facilitation skills to
prevent unbalanced
representation or take
overs by powerful interest groups) |
