Problem overview:

     Awareness and visions: The Indonesian Agenda 21 is a country's vision aiming at incorporating economic. social and environmental development into one integrated package.

     International commitments: International demand for sustainable development policies and practices is growing stronger and stronger everyday. The Agenda 21 is a response to such demand proclaiming that a country is committed to cooperate with the rest of the world.

     Integrating stakeholders: Since sustainable development is related to human activities and the surrounding environment, when formulating the Agenda 21, it is important to incorporate the various stakeholders who would be directly or indirectly affected by the establishment of the Agenda 21. In the case of the Indonesian Agenda 21, experts from the public and private sectors, NGOs and local communities were brought together for the compilation process.

Background in summary:

      Starting from a perspective for environmental sustainability: The United Nations Conference on Environment and Development (UNCED) promoted the Earth Summit, which was successful in gathering representatives from all nations in the world. It was stated that developments for environment, economic and social aspects are all in unity. Indonesian Agenda 21 starts from the perspectives of environmental sustainability focusing on formulated and arranged document with its products.

      - the Agenda 21 was compiled within 2 years: The document for Indonesian Agenda 21 is of great importance for the action plans. In the plans, every unit, either government or non-government group, can make changes, which are necessary for social and economic developments. The Government of Indonesia takes any action to follow up the general pre-requisites of agreeable principles regarding the environment according to sustainable development. The project is known as Post UNCED Planning and Capacity Building Activities Project. The Agenda 21 document was compiled within two years.

      It has integrated economic, social and environmental development: The Indonesian Agenda 21 aims at integrated economic, social and environment developments covered in one package of strategy in creating sustainable development. In the process of compiling the documents, there were approximately 1,500 participants involved from various groups: central and regional units, private, academicians, NGOs and communities.

      - and has produced visions for any planning stages: The document of Agenda 21 provides a series of visions and inspirations, which are able to be suitably fitted in planning processes at any development stage in Indonesia. This implies that all government institutes, private, and communities can utilize the documents as guidance in setting up the planning stages for short and long terms periods to anticipate the market globalization in the future.

      It is still open for comments: Agenda 21 document also allows a series of suggestions and recommendations for sectoral units, private and NGOs, both at central and regional levels. In short, the Agenda 21 is advisory document comprising policy, programmed development and strategy embracing almost all development plans in social, economic and environmental aspects.

      The Agenda looks over 4 areas:

1. Community services
   
   
2. Waste management
   
   
3. Land resources management
   
   
4. Natural resources management.

Any part describes medium and long terms targeted plans, 1998-2003 and 2003-2020.

Peer Review Committee Good practice rating: (1 for the best, 5 for the lowest score)
Sustainability		Efficiency
2	Improvement in either the environment of economic condition with no harm to the other.	2	Cost efficient.
2	Sustainable over time (not one-off)	Process
Adaptability		2	Participation of the community
2	Location adaptability (can the project be done in other places?)	2	Participation of resource owners/users
2	Socio-cultural adaptability.	2	Partnerships between various actors (Governments, NGO, Academia, Private)
2	Level of development adaptability.	2	Degree of coordination and cooperation between government departments.
2	Style of government adaptability.	2	Ability to attract political interest/support
2	Degree of decentralization adaptability.	1	Procedures for feedback and review.
Comments on this example:       The global awareness towards sustainable development that has been generated by developed countries throughout the years is inducing developing countries to pay more attention to sustainable development practices. However, it is easier for developed countries to follow the path of sustainable development because their economies are based on service industries, as compared to developing countries that are still focusing on production-based industries. Production based industries could definitely not avoid the exploitation natural resources for raw material and pollution-generated production from low-tech machineries.      Therefore, developing countries should take conservative steps toward sustainable development, carefully considering the possibilities and limitations. Observe and learn from the experiences of developed countries or other developing countries that have been successful in formulating and practicing the Agenda 21. Sustainability of the project:      Awareness and visions: Many countries have arrived with Agenda 21s that are conceptually ideal but impossible to implement. That is because each country has their own limiting factors such as financial, time, economic and development constraints, which had not been carefully considered beforehand during the Agenda formulation phase. Therefore, many countries are left with commitments that could not be fulfilled. Adaptability of the project to other situations:       Virtually any country can, and should, establish a national vision using the plan outlined in Agenda 21 along with studying other countries' experiences. But it is important to always remember that each country has its own distinct characteristics and directly adopting other countries' Agenda 21 will certainly not apply. Instead, adapting the Agenda 21 to be more location, culture, government style and management level specific to each country will secure a national vision that is particularly suitable while at the same time not repeating the same mistakes that other countries have made. Process of decision making and implementation:      International commitments: International processes can provide a launching point for national and local activities. The process is complicated, time consuming and costly, however, when many participants are involved. For this reason, consensus building skills have become an indispensable tool in the government officials' arsenal.      Integrating stakeholders: Integrating various stakeholders will help widen the perspective of the Agenda 21. For this reason, consensus building skills have become an indispensable tool in the government officials' arsenal. However, with a number of stakeholders involved, the process will become more complicated, time consuming and costly.      Also, the implementation of the Agenda 21 and its action plans will involve a host of state, non-state and other stakeholders especially the commitment of the people. Experiences have shown that no matter how much participation in preparing the document was obtained, when it comes to implementation the commitments have been slow and discouraging.      Procedures for feedback and review: The Indonesian Agenda 21 is opened for feedback and review from various institutions e.g. NGOs, private institutions, multi level government bodies ect. to submit there suggestions and recommendations. Therefore, it should be highly rated - in this case given a "1" - in terms of feedback and review. Cost efficiency: