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GENERAL
E/ESCAP/1171
6 March 2000
ORIGINAL: ENGLISH

ECONOMIC AND SOCIAL COMMISSION FOR ASIA AND THE PACIFIC

Fifty-sixth session
1-7 June 2000
Bangkok

EMERGING ISSUES AND DEVELOPMENTS AT THE REGIONAL LEVEL:

SOCIO-ECONOMIC MEASURES TO ALLEVIATE POVERTY IN RURAL AND URBAN AREAS

(Item 7 (c) of the provisional agenda)

REPORT ON THE REGIONAL COORDINATION CENTRE FOR RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT OF COARSE GRAINS, PULSES, ROOTS AND TUBER CROPS IN THE HUMID TROPICS OF ASIA AND THE PACIFIC

Note by the secretariat


SUMMARY

In accordance with article 17 of the Statute of the Regional Coordination Centre for Research and Development of Coarse Grains, Pulses, Roots and Tuber Crops in the Humid Tropics of Asia and the Pacific (CGPRT Centre) at Bogor, Indonesia, the Governing Board is to submit an annual report on the implementation of its programmes to the Commission at each of its sessions. Furthermore, article 28 of the Statute stipulates that the Commission, at each of its sessions, is to review the status of the resources of the Centre, on the basis of the report of the Governing Board, and provide appropriate recommendations for ensuring that timely and adequate resources are made available for the Centre and its programmes.

The present report on the CGPRT Centre has been prepared and submitted to the Commission in accordance with the above stipulations. Section I contains a summary of the discussion at the eighteenth session of the Governing Board of the Centre, held in December 1999. Section II deals with a number of issues which were raised by the Governing Board for consideration by the Commission, including the following:

(a) The objectives of the Centre and its capacity to serve the needs of the developing member countries;

(b) The provision of experts who match the requirements of the programme activities of the Centre to ensure the successful implementation of those activities;

(c) The strengthening and stabilization of the financial status of the Centre for both institutional and programme support resources to ensure continuity of programme activities;

(d) The advancement and regularization of fund allocation in both institutional and programme support resources for the stable operation of the Centre and the timely and effective implementation of programme activities.

CONTENTS

Introduction

I. SUMMARY OF THE MAJOR DEVELOPMENTS IN 1999

II. ISSUES CALLING FOR ACTION BY THE COMMISSION OR BROUGHT TO ITS ATTENTION

III. IMPLEMENTATION OF PROGRAMMES IN 1999 AND PLANNED ACTIVITIES FOR 2000 AND BEYOND

A. Research and development programme

B. Human resources development and information services programme

IV. FINANCIAL STATUS

V. EIGHTEENTH SESSION OF THE GOVERNING BOARD OF THE CGPRT CENTRE

Annex I Involvement of countries in the activities of the CGPRT Centre in 1999

Annex II Staffing in 1999 and plan for 2000

Annex III Summary of programme activities in 1999

Annex IV Institutional support resources: joint contribution - estimated expenditure in 1999 and budget plan for 2000

Annex V Institutional support resources: Indonesian contribution - estimated expenditure in 1999/2000 and budget plan for 2000/2001

Annex VI Institutional support resources: contributions from members, 1991-1999

Introduction

1. The major developments that have occurred in the operation of the Regional Coordination Centre for Research and Development of Coarse Grains, Pulses, Roots and Tuber Crops in the Humid Tropics of Asia and the Pacific (CGPRT Centre) since the fifty-fifth session of the Commission, held from 22 to 28 April 1999, are detailed in the present report. The activities planned for 2000 and beyond, as endorsed by the Governing Board at its eighteenth session in December 1999, are presented, together with a review of the status of the financial resources of the Centre.

I. SUMMARY OF THE MAJOR DEVELOPMENTS IN 1999

2. During 1999, the Centre carried out its activities within the framework of two programmes: research and development (R and D), and human resources development and information services (HRD/IS). Under these two programmes, the Centre implemented or conducted the following: (a) four R and D projects; (b) one two-week regional working seminar and one four-day regional workshop; and (c) provision of other information (see annex III). These activities were carried out in collaboration with national agricultural research institutes, national policy planning agencies, and other agencies and organizations involved in the Centre's crop development. The information and recommendations generated by, and disseminated through these activities were widely utilized. The involvement of countries in the activities of the Centre is shown in annex I.

3. The programme support resources decreased by 20 per cent in 1999. Specific programme support came from the Governments or research institutes of France, Japan, the Netherlands and the Republic of Korea. Institutional support was also given by the Governments of Bangladesh, India, Indonesia, Japan, Myanmar, Nepal, the Philippines, the Republic of Korea, Sri Lanka and Thailand.

4. The Government of Indonesia, as the host, continued to provide premises and facilities for the Centre together with financial and in-kind support. In particular, its appreciable contribution to the institutional resources has enabled the Centre to stabilize its basic operations and management.

5. The Centre carried out its operations with a total of eight Professional staff, comprising a director, one programme leader and six researchers (as of 1 December 1999), who were provided by the member governments and institutions. In addition, collaborative research was undertaken by the Centre in cooperation with experts at the partner institutes in member countries, amounting to a total of 78 work-months in 1999. Support staff of the Centre numbered 11 as of the end of 1999. The staffing status in 1999 and the staffing plan for 2000 are shown in annex II.

6. The Centre maintained cooperation with its partners in developing member countries of the region. It also maintained cooperative relations with United Nations bodies and specialized agencies, and other international and regional institutions including the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO) and the International Potato Centre (CIP), as well as national institutions such as the International Cooperation Centre of Agricultural Research for Development (CIRAD) of France, the Agrotechnological Research Institute (ATO/DLO) of the Netherlands, the Central Research Institute for Food Crops (CRIFC) and the Centre for Agricultural Socio-Economic Research (CASER) of Indonesia.

II. ISSUES CALLING FOR ACTION BY THE COMMISSION OR BROUGHT TO ITS ATTENTION

7. The size of resources for institutional support and programme activities declined in 1999. The general financial situation of the Centre has remained unstable and the funds available for the activities are insufficient. The Commission may wish to urge its members and associate members to provide contributions either at a minimum threshold level or at a higher level, according to the capacity of individual countries.

8. The objectives of the Centre and its capacity to serve the needs of its developing member countries by providing technical services and assistance can be achieved by implementing collaborative projects and activities. The expansion of programme activities would be required to respond to the increasing needs of developing member countries. In addition, the diversification of funding sources should ensure a stable and sustained increase in the resources of the Centre and would avoid wide annual variations. The Commission may wish to express appreciation for the support of the governments of the members and associate members and of donor agencies for the programme resources of the Centre. The Commission may also wish to request the members and associate members and donor agencies to consider increasing their support and its timely allocation to the programmes and projects of the Centre.

9. The staff of the Centre have been, and will continue to be, provided by member governments and institutions through funds-in-trust, non-reimbursable loans and other means. Competent and experienced experts with knowledge and skills which match the programmes and projects of the Centre are essential to ensure its successful operation. The Commission may further wish to express its appreciation to those governments and agencies which have provided experts to the Centre, and to urge the continuation and strengthening of support through the provision of experts, preferably on the basis of non-reimbursable loans.

III. IMPLEMENTATION OF PROGRAMMES IN 1999 AND PLANNED ACTIVITIES FOR 2000 AND BEYOND

A. Research and development programme

10. The Centre's R and D programme has been structured in the direction indicated in the strategic plan for the Centre towards the twenty-first century.

11. The Centre's research projects are undertaken in collaboration with partner institutes of member countries. Under this arrangement, the Centre's staff work together with national researchers, policy planners, other officials and universities. In view of the catalytic role played by the Centre in the collaborative process, an increasing number of projects have been implemented by national teams of experts, while the staff of the Centre assume planning and coordination roles, including the development and exploratory application of methods and approaches. Equally, the Centre takes the leading role in identifying and formulating projects in consultation with its partners, and in placing proposals with potential funding sources.

12. During 1999, the Centre implemented four projects in the framework of its R and D programme. All of these projects will continue during 2000. The projects are as follows:

(a) Effects of trade liberalization on agriculture in selected Asian countries with special focus on CGPRT crops;

(b) Economic and policy analysis for the ecoregional approach in South-East Asia;

(c) Food security strategies for selected South Pacific island countries;

(d) Avenues for agro-industrial development in South-East Asia.

13. Project (a), funded by the Government of Japan, started in April 1997. The project is to be implemented over three years in collaboration with 10 countries, namely, China, India, Indonesia, Japan, Malaysia, Pakistan, the Philippines, the Republic of Korea, Thailand and Viet Nam. The aims of the project are the following: (a) to identify the changes in international trade of agricultural products with special focus on CGPRT crops in the region under further liberalized market conditions; (b) to characterize the situation and prospects for agriculture in selected Asian countries with special attention to the effects of trade liberalization; (c) to specify policy options for improving farmers' income in the process of trade liberalization; and (d) to provide concerned policy makers and researchers with discussions and suggestions on the above findings. The second phase of the project has been completed and the country reports for this phase are being published. A regional workshop on the effects of trade liberalization on agriculture in Asia was held in Bogor, Indonesia, in October 1999. A six-month extension of the project until June 2000 was approved by the donor. Follow-up in-country seminars to discuss and disseminate the results of the project will be organized in individual participating countries during this period.

14. Project (b), funded by CIRAD and the Government of France, started in April 1998. The project consists of a combination of quantitative and qualitative tools for helping institutional and economic policy definition and decision-making processes in agriculture and related sectors. Case studies and training sessions covering the Red River Delta of Viet Nam and West Java of Indonesia had continued in 1999.

15. Project (c), funded by the Government of Japan, started in July 1999. Four countries, namely, Fiji, Papua New Guinea, Tonga and Vanuatu, are participating in the project. The aims of the project are to assess the food security problems faced by the participating countries, to identify effective strategies, and to formulate appropriate policy options for solving those problems. A meeting to coordinate planning and in-country planning meetings were held in September in Bogor, Indonesia, and in December in each participating country. The project is to be implemented over two years.

16. Project (d), funded by ATO-DLO, started in May 1999 and is to be implemented over two years. The aim of the project is to identify feasible post-harvest technology and industrial development activities in South-East Asia. Survey work on current crops has been conducted in Indonesia.

B. Human resources development and information services programme

17. The human resources development activities of the Centre address the following areas:

(a) Dissemination of information on approaches and methods of research and policy planning in the field of CGPRT crop development;

(b) Dissemination of the results of the research projects carried out by the Centre.

18. In July 1999, one two-week training course on database management at advanced level was held at the Centre. The course was funded by the Government of the Netherlands and attended by nine participants from three countries, namely, Indonesia, the Philippines and Viet Nam.

19. The Centre has continued to publish monographs and working papers, together with its quarterly newsletter, Palawija News. In 1999, the Centre published 14 working papers, 2 monographs and other items.

IV. FINANCIAL STATUS

20. The estimated expenditure from institutional support resources in 1999 was US$ 305,779 and Rp 308,560,000 (see annexes IV and V). Contributions to these resources were made by Bangladesh, India, Indonesia, Japan, Myanmar, Nepal, the Philippines, the Republic of Korea, Sri Lanka and Thailand. The evolution in contributions to the institutional support resources from member governments from 1991 to 1999 is shown in annex VI.

21. The cash expenditure from programme support resources for specific projects and activities amounted to US$ 507,575. In addition, other forms of support were received, mostly expert services, which totalled 170.6 work-months. Contributions of these resources were made by France, Japan, the Netherlands and the Republic of Korea and by some developing countries.

22. The estimated expenditure from institutional support resources for 2000 amounts to US$ 313,365 and Rp 318,690,000 (see annexes IV and V).

23. Based on planned projects and activities for 2000, and subject to the availability of funds for several of those projects, the programme expenditure for 2000 is estimated to be US$ 542,044. The bulk of in-kind contributions would be expert services from governments and agencies, which are estimated at a total of 165 work-months.

24. The general resource situation of the Centre remains unstable and the availability of funds insufficient. The programme support resources should be expanded so as to respond to the increasing need for CGPRT crop development in developing countries. Since the Centre relies on governments and other institutions for the provision of its expert services, an increase in, as well as the continuation of, such services to match programmes and projects is essential to ensure the success of the Centre.

V. EIGHTEENTH SESSION OF THE GOVERNING BOARD OF THE CGPRT CENTRE

25. The eighteenth session of the Governing Board of the CGPRT Centre was held at Bogor, Indonesia, from 1 to 2 December 1999.

26. The session was attended by representatives of Bangladesh, France, India, Indonesia, Japan, Papua New Guinea, the Philippines, the Republic of Korea, Sri Lanka and Thailand as members of the Board. Representatives of the United Nations Development Programme, the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, the World Bank, CIP and CIFOR attended as observers.

27. The Governing Board was informed of the Centre's activities in 1999, which were included in the R and D programme and in the human resources development and information services programme. The proposed programme of work for 2000, within the framework of the medium-term plan for the period 2000-2003, was considered and discussed. The Governing Board approved the medium-term programme and the proposed programme for 2000.

28. The Governing Board was expressed its concern about the reduced activity in the human resources development programme in 1999 and for 2000 due to the limited availability of funds. The Governing Board advised the Director to seek possible measures to continue the role and function of the Centre in the programme by combining it with the R and D programme. The Governing Board agreed to a proposal to support the Centre's information services section including the database and library under the regular operational budget.

29. The Governing Board expressed appreciation to the Director and staff of the Centre for their hard work on the Centre's programme. The Governing Board requested that the Director take into account its observations and remarks in the implementation of programme activities.

30. The Governing Board was informed of the expenditure from institutional and programme support resources in 1999 and the estimated expenditure and the subsequent financial situation for 2000. It expressed appreciation to the Government of Indonesia and other members for their continued support. The Governing Board emphasized that the Centre's institutional and programme support resources needed to be stabilized, in view of the continuing fragile financial situation and insufficient availability of such resources. In that regard, the Governing Board reaffirmed the need to strengthen efforts at fund-raising and staffing for the efficient and effective implementation of the programme activities.

31. The Governing Board approved the report on expenditure in 1999 and planned expenditure for 2000.

Annex I

Involvement of countries in the activities of the CGPRT Centre in 1999

Country Governing Board Technical Advisory Committee Provision of resource person and consultant Collaborative research Participation in seminar, workshop and training course Information services
Australia

Bangladesh

Cambodia

Canada

China

Fiji

France

India

Indonesia

Japan

Lao People's

Democratic Republic

Malaysia

Myanmar

Nepal

Netherlands

Pakistan

Papua New Guinea

Philippines

Republic of Korea

Sri Lanka

Thailand

Tonga

Vanuatu

Viet Nam

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Annex II

Staffing in 1999 and plan for 2000


In position as of
1 October 1999
Plan for 2000a

Management and administration
Director 1 1
Administrative/accounting assistantb 1 1
Secretaryb 1 1
Messenger/driverb 2 2
Subtotal 5 5

Research and development (R and D) programme
Programme leader 1 1
Programme officer - 1c
Researcher 4 4
Clerk/typistb 3 3
Subtotal 8 9

Human resources development and information services programme (HRD/IS)
Programme leader - -
Assistant training officer 1 1d
Database manager 1 -
Reference/distribution officerb 1 1
Data entry clerkb 2 2
Clerk/typistb 1 1
Subtotal 6 5
Total 19 19

a Based on the programme of work for 2000.
b Staff in the General Service category.
c Project leader.
d Database specialist.

Annex III

Summary of programme activities in 1999

Project Implementation period Participating countries Funds

(US dollars)

Major donor Status as of

end 1999

Research and development
1. Effects of trade liberalization on agriculture in selected Asian countries wit 1997-2000

(three years)

China, India, Indonesia, Japan, Malaysia, Pakistan, Philippines, Republic of K 813 298 Government of Japan Regional workshop held from 5 to 8 October 1999, CGPRT Centre, Bogor, Indo
2. Economic and policy analysis for the ecoregional approach in South-East Asia (E 1998-2001

(three years)

Indonesia, Philippines, Viet Nam Self-funded

14 690a

Government of France, CIRAD Indonesia: Institutional set-up completed; Subdistrict and household
3. Food security strategies for selected South Pacific islandcountries (Sout 1999-2001

(two years)

Fiji, Papua New Guinea, Tonga, Vanuatu 72 140 Government of Japan Regional adviser and national experts appointed Planning meeting to be
4. Avenues for agro-industrial development in South-East Asia (AGRIND) 1999-2001

(two years)

Indonesia, Malaysia, Philippines Self-funded

7 345a

ATO-DLO

(Netherlands)

Draft country report on Indonesia completed Commodity seminar on potato
Human resources development and information services
1. Regional training course on integrated database management at advanced level (two weeks) (TERAP-1) 1998-1999 Indonesia, Philippines and Viet Nam 66 103 Government ofthe Netherlands Completed in July 1999

a Project support funds for one year

Annex III (continued)

Summary of programme activities in 1999

2. Publication and information

(a) Working Papers:
Effects of trade liberalization on agriculture in Thailand: institutional and structural aspects (WP 39) Published
Effects of trade liberalization on agriculture in Viet Nam: institutional and structural aspects (WP 40) Published
Effects of trade liberalization on agriculture in Indonesia: institutional and structural aspects (WP 41) Published
Effects of trade liberalization on agriculture in China: institutional and structural aspects (WP 42) Published
Effects of trade liberalization on agriculture in China: commodity aspects (WP 43) Published
Effects of trade liberalization on agriculture in Pakistan: commodity aspects (WP 44) Published
Effects of trade liberalization on agriculture in India: commodity aspects (WP 45) Published
Effects of trade liberalization on agriculture in Malaysia: commodity aspects (WP 46) Published
Effects of trade liberalization on agriculture in the Republic of Korea: commodity aspects (WP 47) Published
Effects of trade liberalization on agriculture in Indonesia: commodity aspects (WP 48) Published
Effects of trade liberalization on agriculture in Thailand: commodity aspects (WP 49) Published
Effects of trade liberalization on agriculture in Japan: commodity aspects (WP 50) Published
Effects of trade liberalization on agriculture in the Philippines: commodity aspects (WP 51) Published
Effects of trade liberalization on agriculture in Viet Nam: commodity aspects (WP 52) Published
Integrated Report of the Project "Effects of trade liberalization on (WP 53) Editing
(b) Monographs:
Economic Assessment of Selected Resource Management Techniques in Marginal Upland Agriculture: integrated report and proceedings of a workshop held in Seoul from 20 to 22 May 1998 (CG 36) Published
Agricultural Planning: proceedings of a workshop held in Bogor, Indonesia from 13 to 24 April 1998 (CG 37) Published
Effects of Trade Liberalization on Agriculture in Asia: proceedings of a workshop held in Bogor, Indonesia from 5 to 8 October 1999 (CG 38) Editing
(c) Palawija News (quarterly):

Vol. 16, No. 1

Vol. 16, No. 2

Vol. 16, No. 3

   

Annex IV

Institutional support resources: joint contribution - estimated expenditure in 1999 and budget plan for 2000

(United States dollars)


Item Working budget
for 1999
Estimated
expenditure as of
31/12/1999
Budget plan for 2000

Revenue

Contributions from members

Programme support fund

262 865

40 500

260 365

40 500

272 865a

40 500b

Total
303 365 300 865 313 365

Expenditure

Project personnel

Consultants

Support personnel

Official travel

Governing Board and Technical Advisory Committee meetings

Equipment

Reporting and printing

Maintenance and utilities

Sundry

160 000

35 000

10 000

20 000

20 000

5 000

5 000

2 000

11 457

155 000

34 000

17 000

19 000

16 000

5 000

10 000

4 500

10 365

165 000

35 000

18 000

20 000

15 000

5 000

5 000

6 000

7 686


Subtotal 268 457 270 865 276 686

Programme support cost (PSC) c 34 908c-1 34 914c-2 36 679c-3

Total 303 365 305 779 313 365

a Based on the pledges for 1999.

b Proposed to ESCAP.

c Including PSC for the Indonesian rupiah budget.

c-1 US$ 4 855 c-2 US$ 5 014 c-3 US$ 5 179.

Annex V

Institutional support resources: Indonesian contribution - estimated expenditure in 1999/2000 and budget plan for 2000/2001

(Thousands of Indonesian rupiahs)


Working Estimated Budget plan
Item budget for expenditure as of for 2000/2001a
1999/2000 31 March 2000

Revenue
Indonesian contribution 289 718 289 718 318 690
Expenditure
Support personnel 202 600 215 900 222 860
Utilities 56 800 54 620 56 800
Maintenance 30 318 38 040 39 030
Equipment 0 0 0
Miscellaneous 0 0 0

Totalb 289 718b-1 308 560b-2 318 690b-3

Balance
0 - 18 842 0

a Proposed to the Government of Indonesia.
b Programme Support Cost (PSC) is charged to Joint Contribution account.
b-1 Rp 298 718 000 ÷ Rp 8 000 = US$ 37 340
US$ 37 340 x 0.13 = US$ 4 855
b-2 Rp 308 560 000 ÷ Rp 8 000 = US$ 38 570
US$ 38 570 x 0.13 = US$ 5 014
b-3 Rp 318 690 000 ÷ Rp 8 000 = US$ 39 837
US$ 39 837 x 0.13 = US$ 5 179

Annex VI

Institutional support resources: contributions from members, 1991-1999

Members

1991

1992

1993

1994

1995

1996v

1997

1998

1999a

(Thousands of rupiahs)

Indonesia 70 000 91 200 105 700 136 610 263 380 263 380 289 718 289 718 (289 718)

(United States dollars)

Bangladesh 1 000 1 000 1 000 1 000 1 000 1 000 1 000 1 000 (1 000)
India

-

-

-

5 000 5 000 5 000 10 000 10 000 10 000
Japan 200 000 200 000 200 000 200 000 200 000 200 000 200 000 200 000 200 000
Myanmar

-

1 000 1 000 1 000 1 000 1 000 1 000

-

(1 000)
Nepal 500 500 500 500 500 500 500 500 (500)
Pakistan

-

-

-

-

-

5 000

-

-

-

Papua New Guinea

-

-

-

5 000 (5 000) (10 000)

-

-

-

Philippines 5 000 5 152 5 165 5 000 5 716 5 716 19 184 9 392 (10 000)
Republic of Korea 15 000 15 000 15 000 20 000 20 000 20 000 20 000 10 000 10 000
Sri Lanka

-

10 000 10 000 10 000 10 000 10 000 10 000 10 000 10 000
Thailand 15 000 15 000 15 000 30 000 30 486 30 215 30 205 28 985 30 365
Viet Nam

-

-

1 000 1 000 2 000 2 000

-

-

-

Total 236 500 247 652 248 665 278 500 280 702 290 431 291 889 269 877 272 865
Note: Parentheses indicate the payment has not been made as of 14 February 2000.
        A hyphen indicates that no payment was made.
a Pledged at the 55th session of the Commission, held at Bangkok from 22-28 April 1999.